Declaration of interests: Abigail Aiken’s research is supported by grants from the Society of Family Planning (SFP) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) awarded to the University of Texas at Austin. She is a council member for the British Society of Abortion Care Providers (BSACP). Ushma Upadhyay’s research is supported by grants from the BaSe Family Fund, the Lisa and Douglas Goldman Fund, the Preston-Werner Foundation, the Isabel Allende Foundation, and the Grove Foundation.