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Review
. 2022 Jun 1;13(3):852-867.
doi: 10.14336/AD.2021.1110. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Stem Cell-derived Exosomal MicroRNA as Therapy for Vascular Age-related Diseases

Hang Ren  1 , Ziyuan Guo  1 , Yang Liu  1 , Chunli Song  1
Affiliations
Review

Stem Cell-derived Exosomal MicroRNA as Therapy for Vascular Age-related Diseases

Hang Ren et al. Aging Dis. .

Abstract

Vascular age-related diseases describe a group of age-related chronic diseases that result in a considerable healthcare burden to society. Vascular aging includes structural changes and dysfunctions of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in blood vessels. Compared with conventional treatment for vascular age-related diseases, stem cell (SC) therapy elicits better anti-aging effects viathe inhibition/delay ECs and SMCs from entering senescence. Exosomal noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) in vascular aging and stem cell-derived exosomal microRNAs (SCEV-miRNAs), especially in mesenchymal stem cells, have an important role in the development of age-related diseases. This review summarizes SCEV-miRNAs of diverse origins that may play a vital role in treating subclinical and clinical stages of vascular age-related disorders. We further explored possible age-related pathways and molecular targets of SCEV-miRNA, which are associated with dysfunctions of ECs and SMCs in the senescent stage. Moreover, the perspectives and difficulties of SCEV-miRNA clinical translation are discussed. This review aims to provide greater understanding of the biology of vascular aging and to identify critical therapeutic targets for SCEV-miRNAs. Though still in its infancy, the potential value of SCEV-miRNAs for vascular age-related diseases is clear.

Keywords: MicroRNAs; senescence; stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA; vascular age-related diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Vascular aging mainly includes age-related to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. Vascular ageing may be caused by the dysfunction of endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which includes abnormal proliferation, inflammation, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Risk factors associated with aging. Traditional risk factors activate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular aging, resulting in age-related dysfunction of endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and ultimately, vascular aging diseases.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Role of SCEV-miRNAs in EC senescence. Extracellular microRNAs derived from stem cells (SCEV-miRNAs) act on endothelial cells (ECs), by regulating mRNA expression of genes involved in senescence-related dysfunctions, including abnormal inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Role of SCEV-miRNAs in SMC senescence. Extracellular microRNAs derived from stem cells (SCEV-miRNAs) act on smooth muscle cells (SMCs), regulating senescence-related cellular phenotypes, including abnormal inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Extracellular microRNAs derived from stem cells (SCEV-miRNAs) in the treatment of subclinical and clinical vascular aging diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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