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Multicenter Study
. 2022 Nov;162(5):1188-1198.
doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.05.035. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Drug-Related Pneumonitis Induced by Osimertinib as First-Line Treatment for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Setting

Yuki Sato  1 , Hiromitsu Sumikawa  2 , Ryota Shibaki  3 , Takeshi Morimoto  4 , Yoshihiko Sakata  5 , Yuko Oya  6 , Motohiro Tamiya  7 , Hidekazu Suzuki  8 , Hirotaka Matsumoto  9 , Takashi Yokoi  10 , Kazuki Hashimoto  11 , Hiroshi Kobe  12 , Aoi Hino  13 , Megumi Inaba  14 , Yoko Tsukita  15 , Hideki Ikeda  16 , Daisuke Arai  17 , Hirotaka Maruyama  18 , Satoshi Hara  19 , Shinsuke Tsumura  20 , Shinya Sakata  21 , Daichi Fujimoto  3
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Drug-Related Pneumonitis Induced by Osimertinib as First-Line Treatment for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Setting

Yuki Sato et al. Chest. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Osimertinib has demonstrated impressive efficacy as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive (m+) lung cancer. Drug-related pneumonitis (DRP) is a potentially lethal complication of osimertinib treatment, but reliable real-world data currently are lacking.

Research question: What is the prevalence of osimertinib-induced DRP in first-line settings? What are the characteristics, clinical impact, and risk factors of osimertinib-induced DRP?

Study design and methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients who received osimertinib as a first-line treatment for advanced EGFR m+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between August 2018 and December 2019. All chest CT scans and clinical information during osimertinib exposure were collected until June 2020. The primary end point was DRP incidence identified through central review.

Results: A total of 452 patients from 18 institutions were evaluated. Eighty patients (18%) had a diagnosis of DRP (all grades), and 21 patients (4.6%) had a diagnosis of grade 3 or more DRP. Among the patients with DRP, 46% were identified as having transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacity (TAPO). Regarding the CT scan patterns, organizing pneumonia, simple pulmonary eosinophilia, hypersensitivity pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia were found in 30, 21, 18, 9, and two patients (38%, 26%, 23%, 11%, and 3%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, smoking history was identified as an independent risk factor for DRP (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.01-2.89; P = .046). In the 3-month landmark analysis, DRP was associated with poor treatment efficacy; however, the presence of TAPO did not affect treatment efficacy negatively.

Interpretation: For osimertinib treatment in first-line settings, the frequency of DRP was considerably elevated to 18 %, and half of these patients exhibited TAPO features.

Keywords: drug-related pneumonitis; non-small cell lung cancer; osimertinib; simple pulmonary eosinophilia; transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacity.

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