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. 2022 May 19;12(5):722-738.
doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.722.

Relationship of depression and sleep quality, diseases and general characteristics

Yan Jiang  1 , Tao Jiang  2 , Li-Tao Xu  1 , Lan Ding  3
Affiliations

Relationship of depression and sleep quality, diseases and general characteristics

Yan Jiang et al. World J Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Background: Depression is the most common type of depressive disorder. The most common sleep disorder associated with depression is insomnia. Insomnia and depression are closely related.

Aim: To investigate the relationship of designed questionnaire items and depression, and analyze the related factors with depression.

Methods: Questionnaire included Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), 12 kinds of diseases, 8 general characteristics, and 20 insomnia characteristics, totally 56 items were filled out by 411 patients enrolled.

Results: All the 9 items of PHQ-9, 6 components of PSQI (except sleep duration), education, living situation, exercise, years of insomnia, western medicine treatment, Chinese medicine treatment, psychotherapy, kinds of insomnia, treatment expected to treat insomnia, psychological counseling, habit of 1 h before bed, habit of lunch break, diagnosed depression, coronary heart disease, mental illness showed significant difference between without and with depression group. By univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. The odds ratio of education, exercise, kinds of insomnia, habit of 1 h before bed, diagnosed depression, coronary heart disease (P = 0.01) showed significant difference. Their odds ratios were 0.71 (0.55, 0.93), 2.09 (1.32, 3.31), 0.76 (0.63, 0.91), 0.89 (0.81, 0.98), 0.32 (0.17, 0.60), 0.43 (0.23, 0.79).

Conclusion: We demonstrated that education, exercise, kinds of insomnia, habit of 1 h before bed, diagnosed depression and coronary heart disease affect the depression.

Keywords: Depression; Insomnia; Patient Health Questionnaire-9; Pittsburgh sleep quality index; Sleep.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: We declare that we have no financial or personal relationships with other individuals or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work and that there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in or the review of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of the 9 items of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in the without depression group and with depression group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The contributing rate of 9 items of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to depression (%).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The correlation coefficient of the 9 items of Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The mean Pittsburgh sleep quality index score. The mean Pittsburgh sleep quality index score in the without depression group (n = 190), mild (n = 139), moderate (n = 49), moderately severe depression (n = 22), and severe depression (n = 11) was 8.58, 10.63, 11.61, 13.41 and 15.00. PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The percentage of Pittsburgh sleep quality index group. The percentage of Pittsburgh sleep quality index group in without depression group (n = 190), mild (n = 139), moderate (n = 49), moderately severe depression (n = 22), and severe depression (n = 11).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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