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. 2022 May 23:6:30.
doi: 10.18332/ejm/146587. eCollection 2022.

Assessment of the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the perceptions of empowerment in midwifery practice scale-revised (PEMS-R-IT) in midwives

Simona Fumagalli  1 , Sara E Borrelli  2 , Giovanni Galeoto  3   4 , Francescaroberta Panuccio  4 , Chiara Pignataro  1 , Marianna Gottardi  5 , Antonella Nespoli  1
Affiliations

Assessment of the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the perceptions of empowerment in midwifery practice scale-revised (PEMS-R-IT) in midwives

Simona Fumagalli et al. Eur J Midwifery. .

Abstract

Introduction: A higher degree of midwives' empowerment is associated with greater job satisfaction and better midwifery care outcomes for women and their families. Empowered midwives are able to better empower women who in turn have a positive influence on the midwives' empowerment. The aim of this study was the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the perceptions of empowerment in midwifery scale-revised (PEMS-R) in a group of Italian midwives.

Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) method was adopted to achieve the PEMS-R Italian version. This process involved five steps: 1) forward translation, 2) expert panel translation, 3) back-translation, 4) pre-testing and cognitive interviewing, and 5) final version. The test's internal consistency and validity were assessed by following international guidelines. Internal consistency was examined through Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient.

Results: The PEMS-R-IT was administered to 147 Italian midwives from northern Italy. Factor analysis of the 19 items, extracted 4 factors that explained 74.96% of the variance. The Student's t-test for independent samples was used to identify a possible correlation between a higher/lower perception of empowerment and: 1) the education level, and 2) the years of experience of recruited midwives. No statistically significant differences were obtained in either case. The PEMS-R-IT was found to have a good internal consistency for each of its 4 subscales.

Conclusions: The PEMS-R-IT is a valid and reliable tool, useful to assess midwives' empowerment. It can be used in both clinical practice and research in order to investigate the level of empowerment of midwives within the Italian national context.

Keywords: assessment tool; empowerment; exploratory factor analysis; midwifery; psychometric properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stem and Leaf Plots representing median and variances of the score obtained by the 147 midwives divided by educational level in each subscale
Figure 2
Figure 2
Stem and Leaf Plots representing median and variances of the score obtained by the 147 midwives divided by years of experience in each subscale
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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