Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 May 31:15:2773-2785.
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S364175. eCollection 2022.

The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale

Naveed Ahmed  1 , Mohmed Isaqali Karobari  2   3   4 , Anam Yousaf  5 , Roshan Noor Mohamed  6 , Sohaib Arshad  7 , Syed Nahid Basheer  8 , Syed Wali Peeran  9 , Tahir Yusuf Noorani  4 , Ali A Assiry  10 , Abdulaziz S Alharbi  11 , Chan Yean Yean  1
Affiliations

The Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Selective Oral Microbes, Antioxidant Activity and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Zingiber officinale

Naveed Ahmed et al. Infect Drug Resist. .

Abstract

Introduction: Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been one of the most commonly consumed herbal medicines for a long time to treat several common diseases. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant properties and many bioactive compounds in ginger have been identified previously, which could be used as an alternative method to treat many infectious diseases.

Methods: The current study evaluates ginger's biochemical profile using qualitative and quantitative analysis and its bioactive potentials using antioxidant and antimicrobial assays against Streptococcus mutans and selective oral microbes. HPLC analysis was performed for the quantitative analysis. DPPH and disc diffusion assays were used for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activity was checked against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. All solvents were removed by rotary evaporation before testing the dried extracts.

Results: The observed IC50 value showed that distilled water extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (43.9), followed by ethanol extract (52.4), and the lowest activity was observed in n-butanol extract (91.2) and n-hexane (90.6). Different plant extracts have shown significant antibacterial activity (p = 0.001) against each bacterium. The highest antibacterial activity against tested bacteria was observed in n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts. In comparison, the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts showed low antibacterial activity.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes that Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) against Gram-positive bacteria is an effective antimicrobial herb. Furthermore, it can be used as a potential natural source of antioxidants. Further studies on the toxicity analysis of ginger are recommended.

Keywords: Streptococcus mutans; dental; ginger; healthy food; herbal medicine; medicinal plants; oral microbes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in relation to this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical representation of DPPH radical scavenging activity in ginger extracts. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antibacterial activity of different extracts against different bacteria.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Khan M, Ullah N, Azhar M, Komal W, Muhammad W. A mini-review on the therapeutic potential of Zingiber officinale (ginger). Nat Prod. 2019;15:125.
    1. Wan-Nadilah WA, Hasima MN, Manaf AA. A review of medicinal plants and daily foods used in Southeast Asia possessing antidiabetic activity. J Agrobiotechnol. 2019;10:17–35.
    1. Munda S, Dutta S, Haldar S, Lal M. Chemical analysis and therapeutic uses of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) essential oil: a review. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants. 2018;21(4):994–1002. doi:10.1080/0972060X.2018.1524794 - DOI
    1. Mahboubi M. Zingiber officinale Rosc. essential oil, a review on its composition and bioactivity. Clin Phytoscience. 2019;5(1):1–12. doi:10.1186/s40816-018-0097-4 - DOI
    1. Mao -Q-Q, Xu X-Y, Cao S-Y, Gan R-Y, Corke H, Li H-B. Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Foods. 2019;8(6):185. doi:10.3390/foods8060185 - DOI - PMC - PubMed