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Review
. 2022 May 28:2022:6572338.
doi: 10.1155/2022/6572338. eCollection 2022.

The Most Promising Biomarkers of Allogeneic Kidney Transplant Rejection

Karolina Rogulska  1 , Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko  1 , Barbara Dołęgowska  1 , Ewa Kwiatkowska  2 , Paulina Roszkowska  1 , Patrycja Kapczuk  3 , Danuta Kosik-Bogacka  4
Affiliations
Review

The Most Promising Biomarkers of Allogeneic Kidney Transplant Rejection

Karolina Rogulska et al. J Immunol Res. .

Abstract

Clinical transplantology is a constantly evolving field of medicine. Kidney transplantation has become standard clinical practice, and it has a significant impact on reducing mortality and improving the quality of life of patients. Allogenic transplantation induces an immune response, which may lead to the rejection of the transplanted organ. The gold standard for evaluating rejection of the transplanted kidney by the recipient's organism is a biopsy of this organ. However, due to the high invasiveness of this procedure, alternative diagnostic methods are being sought. Therefore, the biomarkers may play an essential predictive role in transplant rejection. A review of the most promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of allogenic kidney transplant rejection summarizes novel data on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL-10), cystatin C (CysC), osteopontin (OPN), and clusterin (CLU) and analyses the dynamics of changes of the biomarkers mentioned above in kidney diseases and the mechanism of rejection of the transplanted kidney.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic of key features of biomarkers of kidney transplant rejection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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