Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Nov;29(51):77253-77274.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21171-4. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Cadmium exposure and the risk of GDM: evidence emerging from the systematic review and meta-analysis

Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Cadmium exposure and the risk of GDM: evidence emerging from the systematic review and meta-analysis

Minqi Zhou et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become a global concern for its severe adverse effects on both mother and fetus. Recent epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results of the association between cadmium (Cd) exposure and GDM. Therefore, a systematic review and meta- analysis were performed. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and SpringerLink were searched up to July 2021. Observational studies containing the adjusted relative risks between Cd exposure and GDM were included in the quantitative synthesis. The retrieval comprised 218 articles out of which 11 met our criteria and 9 were included in the meta-analysis, representing a total of 32,392 subjects (2881 GDM). In total, Cd exposure might increase the risk of GDM in some extent (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.89, 1.64]), even without statistical significance in high heterogeneity (Q = 28.45, p < 0.05, I2 = 71.9%). Filtering two outliers indicated by Galbraith plot yielded a similar risk (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.02, 1.39]) with statistical significance. However, the heterogeneity among studies was obviously reduced (Q = 11.75, p = 0.068, I2 = 48.9%). Additionally, biological specimen, study design, and diagnostic criteria contributed to the high heterogeneity according to the subgroup analysis. Since some important results do not deny that Cd exposure increases the risk of GDM, high-quality multi-centered large cohort studies are required in the future.

Keywords: Cadmium; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Heavy metal; Pregnancy; Risk factor.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Al Doghaither H, Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, Ghulam J (2021) Roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in metal-induced dysfunction of beta pancreatic cells isolated from CD1 mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 28:651–663 - DOI
    1. Alberti K, Zimmet P (1998) Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med 15:539–53
    1. American Diabetes A (2011) Standards of medical care in diabetes–2011. Diabetes Care 34(Suppl 1):S11-61 - DOI
    1. American Diabetes A (2021) 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021. Diabetes Care 44:S15–S33 - DOI
    1. Archambault C, Arel R, Filion KB (2014) Gestational diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease: a scoping review. Open Med 8:e1-9

LinkOut - more resources