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Review
. 2022 Mar 15;21(1):1011-1022.
doi: 10.1007/s40200-021-00965-2. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Metabolic syndrome; Definition, Pathogenesis, Elements, and the Effects of medicinal plants on it's elements

Musaab Ahmed  1   2 , Nisha Kumari  1   2 , Zainelabdin Mirgani  1   2 , Amal Saeed  3 , Azza Ramadan  4 , Mohamed H Ahmed  5 , Ahmed Omer Almobarak  6
Affiliations
Review

Metabolic syndrome; Definition, Pathogenesis, Elements, and the Effects of medicinal plants on it's elements

Musaab Ahmed et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors that include central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia and is strongly associated with a greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the words metabolic syndrome, definition and pathogenesis in Scopus, and PubMed. The search also extended to cover medicinal plants and their role as a potential treatment of the metabolic syndrome. The search based on studies published in the English language from 1st of January 2000 to 30th of May 2021. The abstracts and the articles were then screened. Articles were scanned and read; further relevant references in the reference lists are also included.

Results: Both lifestyle factors and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Recently, MetS have gained significant attention due to the high prevalence of obesity worldwide. Diagnosis of patients with MetS is important to improve the outcomes of the disease by employing lifestyle and risk factors modifications. Currently, there is a rising interest in medicinal plants and their extracts because the medicinal plants have minimal side effects. Here we review the history, definitions, pathogenesis, management of metabolic syndrome and summarize the beneficial effects of some medicinal plants and their extracts on MetS.

Conclusion: Further research and clinical studies are needed to establish whether medicinal plants can be safely given as potential therapy for metabolic syndrome and whether this can be beneficial in low resources setting countries.

Keywords: Insulin Resistance; Management; Medicinal plants; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
flow chart for selection of articles included in the review
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
components of metabolic syndrome targeted by medicinal plants. Medicinal plants target all the components of metabolic syndrome. 1, abdominal obesity; 2, blood pressure; 3, insulin resistance; 4 and 5: dyslipidemia; FFA, free fatty acids; BP, blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein Ci, Cinnamon; Co, Colocynth; Cu, Curcumin; Da, Date palm; Do, Doum; G, Garlic; GT, Green tea; GA, Gum Arabic; Hs, Hibiscus sabdariffa; Ma, Mangosteen; N, Neem; NS, Nigella Sativa
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