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Review
. 2022 Feb 24;21(1):1081-1094.
doi: 10.1007/s40200-022-01006-2. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Evidence and possible mechanisms of probiotics in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Kodzovi Sylvain Dovi  1 , Ousman Bajinka  2   3 , Ishmail Conteh  4
Affiliations
Review

Evidence and possible mechanisms of probiotics in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Kodzovi Sylvain Dovi et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. .

Abstract

Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic immune-mediated diseases. The prevalence is worldwide especially among children and young adults. The destruction of the pancreatic β-cells due to some abnormalities in the immune system characterizes T1DM. Considering the high burden of the disease and its impact on human health, researchers have made great efforts during the last decades; investigating the disease pathogenesis and discovering new strategies for its management. Fortunately, probiotics have been found as potential remedies for T1DM. This review aims to explore the potentialities of probiotics in managing T1DM and its complications. Based on the outcomes of human and animal studies carried out from 2016 to 2021, the review hopes to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of T1DM and its complications. We first tried to explain the disease's pathogenesis, and highlighted the possible mechanisms involved in these potentialities of probiotics. We concluded that, probiotics can be used as possible therapeutic tools for the management of T1DM. Possible mechanisms of action of probiotics include; the modulation of the gut microbiota, the regulation of inflammation-related cytokines, the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the regulation of GLP-1. However, we recommend further studies especially human trials should be carried out to investigate these potentialities of probiotics.

Highlights: • T1DM is highly prevalent worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality especially among children and young adults• Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of T1DM via an interconnection with the immune system• Probiotics can be used as possible therapeutic tools for the management of T1DM• Possible mechanisms of action of probiotics include the modulation of the gut microbiota, the regulation of inflammation-related cytokines, the production of SCFAs, and the regulation of GLP-1.

Keywords: Gut microbiota; Management; Probiotics; SCFAs; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that they have no conflict interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Probiotics mechanism of actions in the management of T1DM. Probiotics help improve the health conditions of T1DM patients by sustaining the integrity and permeability of the gut microbiota resulting in an improvement of the immune response. Probiotics are also able to boost the production of SCFAs. Furthermore, they are able to inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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