Oral mesotherapy technique for the treatment of physiologic gingival melanin hyperpigmentation using locally injectable vitamin C: a clinical and histologic cases series

Abstract

Objectives: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is widely used in dermatology for skin depigmentation. However, there are very few clinical studies on the efficacy of vitamin C in gingival depigmentation. This preliminary case series aims to present the clinical effectiveness, histologic changes, and patient-reported outcomes of intra-epidermal vitamin C injections (oral mesotherapy) for managing patients with gingival melanin hyperpigmentation.

Method and materials: Five patients were administered locally injectable vitamin C (once per week for 4 to 5 visits) in maxillary or mandibular anterior pigmented gingiva. The depigmentation effect was evaluated using the Dummett Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI) and Gingival Pigmentation Index (GPI). Digital photographs were used to assess gingival luminescence (L*) and pigmented surface area (PSA). Parameters were recorded at baseline and at 1 and 3 months. Melanocyte histopathologic count was determined at baseline and at 3 months. Pain, gingival color change, and patient satisfaction scores were also assessed.

Results: Median GPI, DOPI, and PSA were significantly reduced (P ≤ .05) from baseline to 1 month. There was no statistically significant change from 1 month to 3 months. L* value significantly increased from baseline to 3 months. A median pain score of 3 (scale of 0 to 10) was observed on the day of the procedure. A score of 3 (scale of 0 to 4) was reported for the gingival color and scores 3 and 4 (scale of 0 to 4) for the overall patient satisfaction.

Conclusion: Oral mesotherapy using locally injectable vitamin C is a nonsurgical, minimally invasive, and efficient technique for gingival depigmentation. Indian patients were satisfied with the gingival color obtained and the overall treatment experience.

Clinical importance: As all the branches of medicine, specifically dentistry, direct to minimally invasive approaches, mesotherapy shows great importance to reduce the surgical interventions, especially when esthetic outcomes are needed. Oral mesotherapy using locally injectable vitamin C can be a useful nonsurgical technique for achieving gingival depigmentation in the esthetic zone.

Keywords: ascorbic acid; gingiva; hyperpigmentation; melanin; oral mesotherapy.