Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022:2517:73-85.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2417-3_6.

Deciphering Candida auris Paradoxical Growth Effect (Eagle Effect) in Response to Echinocandins

Milena Kordalewska  1 , David S Perlin  2
Affiliations

Deciphering Candida auris Paradoxical Growth Effect (Eagle Effect) in Response to Echinocandins

Milena Kordalewska et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2022.

Abstract

The paradoxical growth effect (PGE; also known as Eagle effect) is an in vitro phenomenon observed during antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). In PGE, some fungal isolates grow in medium containing high concentrations of an echinocandin, above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), despite being fully susceptible at lower concentrations. The presence of PGE complicates the assignment of isolates to susceptible or resistant category, especially in the case of newly emerged pathogens like Candida auris, for which susceptibility breakpoints are not established.Here we describe a protocol aiding in the determination of whether a given C. auris isolate is echinocandin-resistant or echinocandin-susceptible but exhibiting paradoxical growth.

Keywords: Antifungal drug resistance; Antifungal susceptibility testing; Candida; Candida auris; Caspofungin; Eagle effect; Echinocandins; Micafungin; Paradoxical growth effect.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Perlin DS (2015) Mechanisms of echinocandin antifungal drug resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1354:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12831 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Barchiesi F, Spreghini E, Tomassetti S, Arzeni D, Giannini D, Scalise G (2005) Comparison of the fungicidal activities of caspofungin and amphotericin B against Candida glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49(12):4989–4992. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.12.4989-4992.2005 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
    1. Ernst EJ, Klepser ME, Ernst ME, Messer SA, Pfaller MA (1999) In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of MK-0991 determined by time-kill methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 33(2):75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0732-8893(98)00130-8 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Reboli AC, Schuster MG, Vazquez JA, Walsh TJ, Zaoutis TE, Sobel JD (2016) Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 62(4):e1–e50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ933 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chowdhary A, Prakash A, Sharma C, Kordalewska M, Kumar A, Sarma S, Tarai B, Singh A, Upadhyaya G, Upadhyay S, Yadav P, Singh PK, Khillan V, Sachdeva N, Perlin DS, Meis JF (2018) A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009-17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 73(4):891–899. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx480 - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources