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. 2022:2517:73-85.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2417-3_6.

Deciphering Candida auris Paradoxical Growth Effect (Eagle Effect) in Response to Echinocandins

Milena Kordalewska  1 , David S Perlin  2
Affiliations

Deciphering Candida auris Paradoxical Growth Effect (Eagle Effect) in Response to Echinocandins

Milena Kordalewska et al. Methods Mol Biol. 2022.

Abstract

The paradoxical growth effect (PGE; also known as Eagle effect) is an in vitro phenomenon observed during antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). In PGE, some fungal isolates grow in medium containing high concentrations of an echinocandin, above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), despite being fully susceptible at lower concentrations. The presence of PGE complicates the assignment of isolates to susceptible or resistant category, especially in the case of newly emerged pathogens like Candida auris, for which susceptibility breakpoints are not established.Here we describe a protocol aiding in the determination of whether a given C. auris isolate is echinocandin-resistant or echinocandin-susceptible but exhibiting paradoxical growth.

Keywords: Antifungal drug resistance; Antifungal susceptibility testing; Candida; Candida auris; Caspofungin; Eagle effect; Echinocandins; Micafungin; Paradoxical growth effect.

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