Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Aug;121(8):2453-2455.
doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07567-8. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

In vitro activity of amixicile against T. vaginalis from clinical isolates

Eisha Jain  1 , Edna I Zaenker  2 , Paul S Hoffman  2 , Cirle A Warren  3
Affiliations

In vitro activity of amixicile against T. vaginalis from clinical isolates

Eisha Jain et al. Parasitol Res. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection in humans caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, the leading causative agent of vaginitis in women and urethritis in men worldwide. Metronidazole is the standard treatment for trichomoniasis, with tinidazole as the second line. There are currently no FDA-approved non-nitroimidazole alternative treatments for resistant strains. This study compares the efficacy of a newly synthesized non-nitroimidazole oral drug, amixicile, to that of both metronidazole and the synthetic precursor of amixicile, nitazoxanide with in vitro sensitivity testing. One standard strain from ATCC and three patient-isolated strains of T. vaginalis were used to compare treatments under anaerobic conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration for metronidazole, nitazoxanide, and amixicile were 12.5 μM, 100 μM, and 6.25 μM, respectively. These results suggest that amixicile may be highly active against T. vaginalis and warrants further investigation as a potential alternative to metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis.

Keywords: Amixicile; Metronidazole; Nitazoxamide; Trichomoniasis; Vaginitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content in this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Susceptibility of T. vaginalis to amixicile, metronidazole, and nitazoxanide
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Agency, Aars | Wells, Dallas Integrated Creative Communications. 2015. “Management of Persistent and Recurrent Trichomonas.” SASGOG Pearls of Exxcellence | The Society for Academic Specialists in General Obstetrics & Gynecology. September 1, 2015. https://exxcellence.org:443/list-of-pearls/management-of-persistent-and-....
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. “Trichomoniasis - STI Treatment Guidelines.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 18, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment-guidelines/trichomoniasis.htm
    1. Graves Keonte J., Novak Jan, Secor W. Evan, Kissinger Patricia J., Schwebke Jane R., and Muzny Christina A.. 2020. “A Systematic Review of the Literature on Mechanisms of 5-Nitroimidazole Resistance in Trichomonas Vaginalis.” Parasitology 147 (13): 1383–91. 10.1017/S0031182020001237. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gui Qin, Lyons Denver J., Deeb Janina Golob, Belvin B. Ross, Hoffman Paul S., and Lewis Janina P.. 2021. “Non-Human Primate Macaca Mulatta as an Animal Model for Testing Efficacy of Amixicile as a Targeted Anti-Periodontitis Therapy.” Frontiers in Oral Health 2 (November): 752929. 10.3389/froh.2021.752929. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hoffman Paul S. 2020. “Antibacterial Discovery: 21st Century Challenges.” Antibiotics 9 (5): 213. 10.3390/antibiotics9050213. - DOI - PMC - PubMed