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Review
. 2022 May 23:13:899104.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899104. eCollection 2022.

Effects of Estrogens on Osteoimmunology: A Role in Bone Metastasis

Julien C Marie  1 , Edith Bonnelye  2
Affiliations
Review

Effects of Estrogens on Osteoimmunology: A Role in Bone Metastasis

Julien C Marie et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency indicates a fundamental role of these hormones in skeletal growth and bone remodeling. In the last decades, growing recent evidence demonstrated that estrogens can also affect the immune compartment of the bone. In this review, we summarize the impacts of estrogens on bone immune cells and their consequences on bone homeostasis, metastasis settlement into the bone and tumor progression. We also addressed the role of an orphan nuclear receptor ERRalpha ("Estrogen-receptor Related Receptor alpha") on macrophages and T lymphocytes, and as an immunomodulator in bone metastases. Hence, this review links estrogens to bone immune cells in osteo-oncology.

Keywords: bone marrow; bone metastasis; estrogen; estrogen receptor; immune cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of estrogens regulating immune landscape on the bone marrow cells: consequences on cancer cells anchorage and tumor progression in bone. Estrogens influence BM cells at different steps. They modulate both their development and functions with direct consequences on bone osteogenesis, cancer cell implantation and tumor growth in the bone.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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