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Review
. 2022 Oct;42(10):3253-3272.
doi: 10.1007/s10792-022-02320-7. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Dry eye syndrome: comprehensive etiologies and recent clinical trials

Ruojing Huang #  1 , Caiying Su #  1 , Lvjie Fang  1 , Jiaqi Lu  1 , Jiansu Chen #  2 , Yong Ding #  3
Affiliations
Review

Dry eye syndrome: comprehensive etiologies and recent clinical trials

Ruojing Huang et al. Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is multifactorial and likely to be a cause of concern more so than ever given the rapid pace of modernization, which is directly associated with many of the extrinsic causative factors. Additionally, recent studies have also postulated novel etiologies that may provide the basis for alternative treatment methods clinically. Such insights are especially important given that current approaches to tackle DES remains suboptimal. This review will primarily cover a comprehensive list of causes that lead to DES, summarize all the upcoming and ongoing clinical trials that focuses on treating this disease as well as discuss future potential treatments that can improve inclusivity.

Keywords: Dry eye syndrome; Lacrimal functional unit; Ophthalmology.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic of dysregulated tear film during DES and the various intrinsic (blue background) and extrinsic (red background) etiologies
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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