Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 May 31;11(11):1627.
doi: 10.3390/foods11111627.

In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp)

Florentina Laura Chiriac  1 , Irina Eugenia Lucaciu  1 , Iuliana Paun  1 , Florinela Pirvu  1 , Stefania Gheorghe  1
Affiliations

In Vivo Bioconcentration, Distribution and Metabolization of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) by Cyprinus carpio (European Carp)

Florentina Laura Chiriac et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Organic UV-filters, such as oxybenzone (BP-3), have attracted researcher attention in recent years due to its capacity to interfere with the proper functioning of the endocrine system and its widespread presence in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioconcentration, distribution and metabolization of BP-3 in one of the most common fish species in Romania, namely Cyprinus carp (European carp). Exposure experiments were performed for 11 weeks using a BP-3 nominal concentration level of 100 µg/L. The BP-3 concentration level decreased over time and needed to be re-established daily. Biological samples (fish organs and tissues) from control and test were taken at t0 (before contamination) and at t3, t5, t8 and t11 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. From the third week, BP-3 was identified and quantified, in all organs, in concentration values ranging between 3.2 and 782 ng/g d.w., the highest concentration being detected in the intestinal content, followed by gonads (up to 468 ng/g d.w.) and skin (up to 453 ng/g d.w.). In the case of gill and liver, the BP-3 concentration increased in the first five weeks, and then decreased to 15 and 6 ng/g d.w., respectively, which could be explained by a fast BP-3 metabolization. During the exposure period, six metabolites were identified through LC-MS/MS, all of them known for their endocrine disruptor and toxic properties being higher than those of the parent compound. The study is important from an ecological perspective and also in view of human health concerns involving food quality.

Keywords: Cyprinus carpio; benzophenone-3; bioconcentration; metabolites.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BP-3 concentration values detected in tissue and organs during the bioconcentration experiments.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Variation in concentration of identified metabolites compared to the evolution of the BP-3 concentration, in fish.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of BP-3 UV filter and its metabolites in fish organs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Variation in concentration of identified metabolites compared to the evolution of the BP-3 concentration, in water.
Figure 5
Figure 5
BP-3 metabolization pathway in fish organs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wang P., Huang Y., Zhao Y., Zhou Y., Wang H., Zhang L., Shi H., Leung K.S.-Y., Zhang Y. Organic UV filters mixture exposure and childhood adiposity: A prospective follow-up study in China. Environ. Int. 2022;158:106912. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106912. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Stien D., Clergeaud F., Rodrigues A.M.S., Lebaron K., Pillot R., Romans P., Fagervold S., Lebaron P. Metabolomics reveal that Octocrylene accumulates in Pocillopora damicornis tissues as fatty acid conjugates and triggers coral cell mitochondrial dysfunction. Anal. Chem. 2019;91:990–995. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04187. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rodil R., Quintana J.B., Concha-Grana E., Lopez-Mahia P., Muniategui-Lorenzo S., Prada-Rodriguez D. Emerging pollutants in sewage, surface and drinking water in Galicia (NW Spain) Chemosphere. 2012;86:1040–1049. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.053. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Balmer M.E., Buser H.-R., Müller M.D., Poiger T. Occurrence of some organic UV filters in wastewater, in surface waters, and in fish from swiss lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005;39:953–962. doi: 10.1021/es040055r. - DOI - PubMed
    1. ECHA Database. [(accessed on 1 December 2021)]. Available online: https://echa.europa.eu/ro/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/5515.