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. 2022 Jun 2;19(11):6811.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116811.

Return to Work of Healthcare Workers after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Determinants of Physical and Mental Health

Maddalena Grazzini  1 , Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli  2   3 , Nicola Mucci  2 , Diana Paolini  1 , Antonio Baldassarre  2 , Veronica Gallinoro  4 , Annarita Chiarelli  5 , Fabrizio Niccolini  1 , Giulio Arcangeli  2
Affiliations

Return to Work of Healthcare Workers after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Determinants of Physical and Mental Health

Maddalena Grazzini et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has involved healthcare workers (HCWs) both as caregivers and as patients. This study is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the HCWs working in a third-level hospital in Central Italy who were infected with COVID-19 from March 2020 to April 2021. This research aims at identifying the physical and mental health outcomes of HCWs infected with COVID-19 who returned to work after the infection, the determinants of those outcomes, such as age and sex, and the identification of possible vulnerable professional groups. Methods. A questionnaire about the acute illness, the experience of returning to work, and health perceptions after the disease was administered to 427 healthcare workers 3 months after recovering from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results. The majority interviewed (84.5%) reported symptoms at the time of the positive test, with no significant differences regarding age or sex, while a significant difference in the mean age was found regarding hospitalization (p < 0.001). At 3 months after the infection, females (p = 0.001), older workers (p < 0.001), and healthcare assistants (p < 0.001) were more likely to report persistent symptoms. Sex (p = 0.02) and age (p = 0.006) influenced the quality of sleep after the infection. At work, the nurses group reported increase in workload (p = 0.03) and worse relationships (p = 0.028). At 3 months after the infection, female workers perceived worse physical (p = 0.002) and mental (p < 0.001) health status according to the SF-12. A negative correlation was found between age and PCS score (p < 0.001) but not MCS score (p = 0.86). A significant difference in PCS score was found between nurses and physicians (p = 0.04) and between residents and all other groups (p < 0.001). Finally, the group of workers reporting sleep alterations showed lower PCS and MCS scores (p < 0.001) and working relationships had an impact on MCS scores (p < 0.001). Conclusions. Age, sex, and type of job had an impact on physical and mental outcomes. Organizing specific interventions, also tailored to professional sub-groups, should be a target for healthcare systems to protect and boost the physical and mental health of their workers.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection; aging workforce; gender; health perception; healthcare workers; occupational health; occupational wellbeing; resilience; return to work; sleep alterations.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MCS score according to the type of job. N = Nurse; HC.Ass. = Healthcare Assistants; MD = Physicians; Res.MD = Resident Physicians; Oth = Others.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PCS score according to the type of job. N = Nurse; HC.Ass. = Healthcare Assistants; MD = Physicians; Res.MD = Resident Physicians; Oth = Others.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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