Antidiabetic Wound Dressing Materials Based on Cellulosic Fabrics Loaded with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Solid-State Method

Abstract

The current study aims for the use of the solid-state technique as an efficient way for the preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as an antimicrobial agent with high concentration using sodium alginate as stabilizing agent. ZnONPs were prepared with three different concentrations: ZnONPs-1, ZnONPs-2, and ZnONPs-3 (attributed to the utilized different concentrations of zinc acetate, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 g, respectively). The as-fabricated ZnONPs (ZnONPs-1, ZnONPs-2, and ZnONPs-3) were used for the treatment of cellulosic fabrics as dressing materials for the diabetic wounds. DLS findings illustrated that the as-prepared ZnONPs exhibited average particle size equal to 78, 117, and 144 nm, respectively. The data also showed that all the formulated ZnONPs were formed with good stability (above -30 mv). The topographical images of cellulosic fabrics loaded with ZnONPs that were obtained by SEM confirmed the deposition of nanoparticles onto the surface of cellulosic fabrics with no noticeable agglomeration. The findings also outlined that the treated cellulosic fabrics dressings were proven to have enhanced bactericidal characteristics against the pathogenic microorganisms. The finding of wound contraction for the diabetic rats was measured after 21 days and reached 93.5% after treating the diabetic wound with cotton fabrics containing ZnONPs-2. Ultimately, the generated wound dressing (cellulosic fabrics loaded with ZnONPs) offers considerable promise for treating the wound infections and might be examined as a viable alternative to antibiotics and topical wound treatments.

Keywords: antidiabetic; cellulosic fabrics; wound dressing; zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Figure 1

Photo images of (A) sodium alginate, (B) ZnONPs-1, (C) ZnONPs-2, and (D) ZnONPs-3 synthesized in their solid form.

Figure 2

UV-vis of sodium alginate (blanks) and ZnONPs (ZnONPs-1, ZnONPs-2, ZnONPs-3).

Figure 3

TEM images of (A) ZnONPs-1, (B) ZnONPs-2 and (C) ZnONPs-3, and (D) high-resolution TEM image of ZnONPs-2.

Figure 4

Particle size analysis of ZnONPs-1, ZnONPs-2 and ZnONPs-3.

Figure 5

Zeta potential value of ZnONPs-1, ZnONPs-2 and ZnONPs-3.

Figure 6

SEM images of (A) untreated fabric, (B) ZnONPs-1@CF, (C) ZnONPs-2@CF, and (D) ZnONPs-3@CF.

Figure 7

SEM at (A) 2500× and (B) 10,000×); (C) EDX of the treated cellulosic fabric with ZnONPs-2.

Figure 8

Inhibition zone evaluation of blank and ZnONPs@CF against pathogenic microbes.

Figure 9

Wounded skin contraction in experimental rats after 7 days and the end of experiment (21 days). (1 and 2) revers to the treatment after 7 and 12 days, respectively. When (a,b) refers to the rats treated with cotton fabric (blank), (c,d) refers to the diabetic rats treated with ZnONPs-1@CF, (e,f) refers to the diabetic rats treated with ZnONPs-2@CF, and (g,h) refers to the diabetic rats treated with ZnONPs-3@CF.

Figure 10

Section of skin: (a) normal skin, (b) diabetic wound, (c) non- diabetic non -treated wound, and (d) diabetic wound treated with ZnONPs-2@CF; H&E stain, Scale Bar: 500 µ. 1: stratum corneum, E: epidermis, D: Dermis.