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. 2022 May 30;14(11):2224.
doi: 10.3390/polym14112224.

Development of Biocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Chitosan-Tungsten Disulphide Nanocomposite for Antibacterial and Biological Applications

Abdul Mukheem  1 , Syed Shahabuddin  2 , Noor Akbar  3 , Irfan Ahmad  4 , Kumar Sudesh  5 , Nanthini Sridewi  1
Affiliations

Development of Biocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Chitosan-Tungsten Disulphide Nanocomposite for Antibacterial and Biological Applications

Abdul Mukheem et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The unique structures and multifunctionalities of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene, have aroused increasing interest in the construction of novel scaffolds for biomedical applications due to their biocompatible and antimicrobial abilities. These two-dimensional materials possess certain common features, such as high surface areas, low cytotoxicities, and higher antimicrobial activities. Designing suitable nanocomposites could reasonably improve therapeutics and reduce their adverse effects, both medically and environmentally. In this study, we synthesized a biocompatible nanocomposite polyhydroxyalkanoate, chitosan, and tungsten disulfide (PHA/Ch-WS2). The nanocomposite PHA/Ch-WS2 was characterized by FESEM, elemental mapping, FTIR, and TGA. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposites through the time-kill method against the multi-drug-resistant model organisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) K1 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Further, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposite using HaCaT cell lines by using a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The results demonstrated very significant bactericidal effects of the PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposite, and thus, we hypothesize that the nanocomposite would feasibly suit biomedical and sanitizing applications without causing any adverse hazard to the environment.

Keywords: antibacterial; biocompatibility; chitosan; polyhydroxyalkanoate; tungsten disulfide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of nanoparticle-mediated cell death.
Figure 2
Figure 2
WS2 FESEM image. (a) TEM image. (b) PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposite. (c,d) EDX of the PHA/Ch-WS2 nanocomposite.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM image (a–e) demonstrates the data of elemental mapping. Image (a) is used for mapping, and images (b–e) represents the elements carbon, oxygen, tungsten, and sulfur, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FTIR analysis of bare tungsten disulfide, PHA, PHA-Ch, and PHA-Ch/WS2 nanocomposites.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TGA thermogram experimental data of synthesized nanocomposites.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Potential of antibacterial nanocomposites against E. coli K1 strain, which exhibited significant antibacterial effects. Statistical analysis obtained by two-sample t-test, two-tailed distribution. (*) is p < 0.005, (**) is p < 0.001, and (***) is p < 0.0001.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Potential of antibacterial nanocomposites against MRSA strain, which revealed significant antibacterial effects. Statistical analysis attained by two-sample t-test, two-tailed distribution. (*) is p < 0.005, (**) is p < 0.001, and (***) is p < 0.0001.
Figure 8
Figure 8
LDH assay to determine HaCaT cell viability against negative (a), positive control (b), and PHA/Ch-WS2 1% (c) nanocomposite, respectively.
Figure 9
Figure 9
LDH quantitative analysis of cell viability against nanocomposites.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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