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Review
. 2022 Jun 2;27(11):3578.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27113578.

Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds

Tianyu Hou  1   2 , Vasudeva Reddy Netala  1 , Hongjiao Zhang  1 , Yun Xing  3 , Huizhen Li  1   2 , Zhijun Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds

Tianyu Hou et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens. Different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CNKI, Agricola, Scifinder, Embase, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science, were searched to present the best review. In this review, we clearly represent the active constituents responsible for each and every pharmacological activity, plausible mechanism of action, and maximum inhibitory concentrations, as well as IC50 values. Approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, quinines, phenylpropanoids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, polycosanols, tocopherols, and sitosterols, have been reported in the leaves, seeds, roots, and aerial parts of P. frutescens. The bioactive constituents of P. frutescens exhibited different enzyme-inhibition properties, including antihyaluronidase effects and aldose reductase inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. P. frutescens showed strong anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-spasmodic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, the active constituents of P. frutescens used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), prevention of hyperuricemia in gout patients, hyper pigmentation, allergic conditions, skin inflammation, skin allergy, atopic dermatitis, periodontosis, androgenic alopecia, gastric inflammation, oesophagitis, carcinogenesis, cardiovascular, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cerebral ischemic disorders. Furthermore, we revealed the most active constituents and possible mechanisms of the pharmacological properties of P. frutescens.

Keywords: Perilla frutescens; bioactive compounds; pharmacological activities; secondary metabolites.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different bioactive compounds of P. frutescens involved in enzyme inhibitory activities.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different bioactive compounds of P. frutescens, exhibiting different biological functions, including antiallergic activity, antidepressant activity, antispasmodic effect, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotection, and neuroprotection activities.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Various bioactive compounds of P. frutescens, exhibiting different biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of Nrf2-ARE activation, by 21,31-dihydroxy-41,61-dimethoxychalcone from P. frutescens.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Different biological functions of rosmarinic acid and luteolin, reported from P. frutescens.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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