. 2022 Oct;92(4):562-573.

doi: 10.1002/ana.26431. Epub 2022 Jul 4.

Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccination

Adrian Scutelnic^#¹, Katarzyna Krzywicka^#², Joshua Mbroh^{3

4}, Anita van de Munckhof², Mayte Sánchez van Kammen², Diana Aguiar de Sousa⁵, Erik Lindgren^{6

7}, Katarina Jood^{6

7}, Albrecht Günther⁸, Sini Hiltunen⁹, Jukka Putaala⁹, Andreas Tiede¹⁰, Frank Maier¹¹, Rolf Kern¹², Thorsten Bartsch¹³, Katharina Althaus¹⁴, Alfonso Ciccone¹⁵, Markus Wiedmann¹⁶, Mona Skjelland¹⁶, Antonio Medina¹⁷, Elisa Cuadrado-Godia¹⁸, Thomas Cox¹⁹, Avinash Aujayeb²⁰, Nicolas Raposo²¹, Katia Garambois²², Jean-Francois Payen²², Fabrice Vuillier²³, Guillaume Franchineau²⁴, Serge Timsit²⁵, David Bougon²⁶, Marie-Cécile Dubois²⁷, Audrey Tawa²⁸, Clement Tracol²⁹, Emmanuel De Maistre³⁰, Fabrice Bonneville³¹, Caroline Vayne³², Annerose Mengel³³, Dominik Michalski³⁴, Johann Pelz³⁴, Matthias Wittstock³⁵, Felix Bode³⁶, Julian Zimmermann³⁶, Judith Schouten³⁷, Alina Buture³⁸, Sean Murphy³⁸, Vincenzo Palma³⁹, Alberto Negro⁴⁰, Alexander Gutschalk⁴¹, Simon Nagel⁴¹, Silvia Schoenenberger⁴¹, Giovanni Frisullo⁴², Carla Zanferrari⁴³, Francesco Grillo⁴⁴, Fabrizio Giammello⁴⁵, Mar Morin Martin⁴⁶, Alvaro Cervera⁴⁷, Jim Burrow⁴⁷, Carlos Garcia Esperon⁴⁸, Beng Lim Alvin Chew⁴⁸, Timothy J Kleinig⁴⁹, Cristina Soriano⁵⁰, Domenico S Zimatore⁵¹, Marco Petruzzellis⁵², Ahmed Elkady⁵³, Miguel S Miranda⁵⁴, João Fernandes⁵⁵, Åslög Hellström Vogel⁵⁶, Elias Johansson^{57

58}, Anemon Puthuppallil Philip⁵⁹, Shelagh B Coutts⁶⁰, Simerpreet Bal⁶⁰, Brian Buck⁶¹, Catherine Legault⁶², Dylan Blacquiere⁶³, Hans D Katzberg⁶⁴, Thalia S Field⁶⁵, Vanessa Dizonno⁶⁶, Thomas Gattringer⁶⁷, Christian Jacobi⁶⁷, Annemie Devroye⁶⁸, Robin Lemmens⁶⁸, Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen⁶⁹, Monica Bandettini di Poggio⁷⁰, Masoud Ghiasian⁷¹, Theodoros Karapanayiotides⁷², Sophie Chatterton⁷³, Miriam Wronski⁷⁴, Karl Ng⁷⁵, Robert Kahnis⁷⁶, Thomas Geeraerts⁷⁷, Peggy Reiner⁷⁸, Charlotte Cordonnier⁷⁹, Saskia Middeldorp⁸⁰, Marcel Levi^{81

82}, Eric C M van Gorp⁸³, Diederik van de Beek², Justine Brodard⁸⁴, Johanna A Kremer Hovinga⁸⁴, Marieke J H A Kruip⁸⁵, Turgut Tatlisumak⁴, José M Ferro⁸⁶, Jonathan M Coutinho², Marcel Arnold¹, Sven Poli^#^{3

4}, Mirjam R Heldner^#¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
² Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
³ Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
⁴ Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
⁵ CEEM and Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁷ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁸ Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁰ Clinic for Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, Caritas Hospital Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.
¹² Department of Neurology, Kempten Hospital, Kempten, Germany.
¹³ Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Mantova, Mantua, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁷ Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Neurology, University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁹ Department of Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
²⁰ Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK.
²¹ Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
²² Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
²³ Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France.
²⁴ Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain en Laye, Poissy, France.
²⁵ Neurology and Stroke Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, CHU Brest, Brest, France.
²⁶ Department of Critical Care, Annecy Genevois Hospital, Annecy, France.
²⁷ Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
²⁸ Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.
²⁹ Department of Neurology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
³⁰ Department of Biological Haematology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.
³¹ Department of Neuroradiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
³² Department of Hematology and Hemostasis, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.
³³ Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
³⁵ Department of Neurology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
³⁶ Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
³⁷ Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
³⁸ Acute Stroke Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
³⁹ Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Napoli, Italy.
⁴⁰ Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy.
⁴¹ Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁴² Department of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴³ Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Melegnano e della Martesana, Melegnano, Italy.
⁴⁴ Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
⁴⁵ Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, XXXV Cycle, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
⁴⁶ Department of Neurology, Hospital Complex of Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
⁴⁷ Department of Neurology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia.
⁴⁸ Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴⁹ Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁵⁰ Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Castellón, Castelló, Spain.
⁵¹ Department of Neuroradiology, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁵² Department of Neurology, AOU Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁵³ Department of Neurology, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵⁴ Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cascais Dr José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal.
⁵⁵ Department of Neurology, Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus, Trollhattan, Sweden.
⁵⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
⁵⁷ Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
⁵⁸ Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå, Sweden.
⁵⁹ Department of Neurology, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁰ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
⁶¹ Division of Neurology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
⁶² Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁶³ Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁴ Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁵ Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
⁶⁶ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁶⁷ Department of Neurology, Nordwest Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
⁶⁸ Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁶⁹ Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
⁷⁰ Department of Neuroscience, Policlinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
⁷¹ Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran.
⁷² Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁷³ Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷⁴ Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷⁵ Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷⁶ Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
⁷⁷ Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University Toulouse 3-Paul-Sabatier, University Hospital of Toulouse, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
⁷⁸ Service de neurologie, hôpital Lariboisière Université Paris-7, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France.
⁷⁹ University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.
⁸⁰ Department of Internal Medicine & Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁸¹ National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
⁸² Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸³ Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁴ Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁸⁵ Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁶ Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35689346
PMCID: PMC9349982
DOI: 10.1002/ana.26431

Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccination

Adrian Scutelnic et al. Ann Neurol. 2022 Oct.

. 2022 Oct;92(4):562-573.

doi: 10.1002/ana.26431. Epub 2022 Jul 4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
² Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
³ Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
⁴ Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
⁵ CEEM and Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁶ Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁷ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁸ Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁰ Clinic for Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, Caritas Hospital Saarbrücken, Saarbrücken, Germany.
¹² Department of Neurology, Kempten Hospital, Kempten, Germany.
¹³ Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Carlo Poma Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale di Mantova, Mantua, Italy.
¹⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
¹⁷ Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Neurology, University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁹ Department of Neurology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
²⁰ Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK.
²¹ Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
²² Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
²³ Stroke Unit, University Hospital of Besancon, Besancon, France.
²⁴ Department of Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint Germain en Laye, Poissy, France.
²⁵ Neurology and Stroke Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, CHU Brest, Brest, France.
²⁶ Department of Critical Care, Annecy Genevois Hospital, Annecy, France.
²⁷ Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
²⁸ Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France.
²⁹ Department of Neurology, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
³⁰ Department of Biological Haematology, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.
³¹ Department of Neuroradiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
³² Department of Hematology and Hemostasis, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.
³³ Department of Neurology and Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
³⁵ Department of Neurology, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
³⁶ Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
³⁷ Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
³⁸ Acute Stroke Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
³⁹ Department of Neurology-Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Napoli, Italy.
⁴⁰ Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy.
⁴¹ Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
⁴² Department of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁴³ Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Melegnano e della Martesana, Melegnano, Italy.
⁴⁴ Stroke Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital G. Martino, Messina, Italy.
⁴⁵ Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, XXXV Cycle, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
⁴⁶ Department of Neurology, Hospital Complex of Toledo, Toledo, Spain.
⁴⁷ Department of Neurology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia.
⁴⁸ Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴⁹ Department of Neurology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁵⁰ Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Castellón, Castelló, Spain.
⁵¹ Department of Neuroradiology, Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁵² Department of Neurology, AOU Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁵³ Department of Neurology, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁵⁴ Department of Neurology, Hospital de Cascais Dr José de Almeida, Cascais, Portugal.
⁵⁵ Department of Neurology, Norra Älvsborgs Länssjukhus, Trollhattan, Sweden.
⁵⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
⁵⁷ Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
⁵⁸ Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå, Sweden.
⁵⁹ Department of Neurology, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁰ Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Community Health Sciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
⁶¹ Division of Neurology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
⁶² Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
⁶³ Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁴ Department of Neuromuscular Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁶⁵ Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Stroke Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
⁶⁶ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
⁶⁷ Department of Neurology, Nordwest Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
⁶⁸ Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁶⁹ Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
⁷⁰ Department of Neuroscience, Policlinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
⁷¹ Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran.
⁷² Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁷³ Department of Neurology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷⁴ Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷⁵ Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁷⁶ Department of Neurology, Vivantes Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
⁷⁷ Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University Toulouse 3-Paul-Sabatier, University Hospital of Toulouse, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
⁷⁸ Service de neurologie, hôpital Lariboisière Université Paris-7, AP-HP, Paris Cedex 10, France.
⁷⁹ University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France.
⁸⁰ Department of Internal Medicine & Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁸¹ National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
⁸² Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸³ Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁴ Department of Hematology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
⁸⁵ Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁶ Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35689346
PMCID: PMC9349982
DOI: 10.1002/ana.26431

Abstract

Objective: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) caused by vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare adverse effect of adenovirus-based severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. In March 2021, after autoimmune pathogenesis of VITT was discovered, treatment recommendations were developed. These comprised immunomodulation, non-heparin anticoagulants, and avoidance of platelet transfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to these recommendations and its association with mortality.

Methods: We used data from an international prospective registry of patients with CVT after the adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We analyzed possible, probable, or definite VITT-CVT cases included until January 18, 2022. Immunomodulation entailed administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and/or plasmapheresis.

Results: Ninety-nine patients with VITT-CVT from 71 hospitals in 17 countries were analyzed. Five of 38 (13%), 11 of 24 (46%), and 28 of 37 (76%) of the patients diagnosed in March, April, and from May onward, respectively, were treated in-line with VITT recommendations (p < 0.001). Overall, treatment according to recommendations had no statistically significant influence on mortality (14/44 [32%] vs 29/55 [52%], adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-1.19). However, patients who received immunomodulation had lower mortality (19/65 [29%] vs 24/34 [70%], adjusted OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06-0.58). Treatment with non-heparin anticoagulants instead of heparins was not associated with lower mortality (17/51 [33%] vs 13/35 [37%], adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.24-2.04). Mortality was also not significantly influenced by platelet transfusion (17/27 [63%] vs 26/72 [36%], adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.74-6.54).

Conclusions: In patients with VITT-CVT, adherence to VITT treatment recommendations improved over time. Immunomodulation seems crucial for reducing mortality of VITT-CVT. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:562-573.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Flowchart of patient selection. CVT = cerebral venous thrombosis; nCOV = novel coronavirus disease; SARS‐CoV‐2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2; VITT = vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

**Figure 2**
Temporal changes in treatments given to patients with VITT‐CVT diagnosed in March, April, and from May onward. CVT = cerebral venous thrombosis; VITT = vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccination

Affiliations

Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccination

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

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LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous