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Review
. 2021 Dec 2;4(4):258-270.
doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab027. eCollection 2021 Dec.

Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: rationale, recent advances and future perspectives

Wenxin Luo  1 , Zhoufeng Wang  2 , Ting Zhang  3 , Lan Yang  1 , Jinghong Xian  4 , Yalun Li  1 , Weimin Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: rationale, recent advances and future perspectives

Wenxin Luo et al. Precis Clin Med. .

Abstract

Lung cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the major type, is the second most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has been one of the greatest advances in recent years for the treatment of solid tumors including NSCLC. However, not all NSCLC patients experience an effective response to immunotherapy with the established selection criteria of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Furthermore, a considerable proportion of patients experience unconventional responses, including pseudoprogression or hyperprogressive disease (HPD), immune-related toxicities, and primary or acquired resistance during the immunotherapy process. To better understand the immune response in NSCLC and provide reference for clinical decision-making, we herein review the rationale and recent advances in using immunotherapy to treat NSCLC. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future strategies of this approach to improve its efficacy and safety in treating NSCLC.

Keywords: adoptive cell therapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immunotherapy; non-small cell lung cancer; vaccine.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
History of cancer immunotherapy.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The “cancer-immunity cycle”. Figure adapted from Ref. . Copyright Elsevier, 2013.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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