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. 2022 May 26:13:880784.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880784. eCollection 2022.

Cellular Immunity Is Critical for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Immunocompromised Individuals

Eustache Paramithiotis  1 , Scott Sugden  2 , Eszter Papp  3 , Marie Bonhomme  4 , Todd Chermak  5 , Stephanie Y Crawford  6 , Stefanie Z Demetriades  7 , Gerson Galdos  8 , Bruce L Lambert  7 , John Mattison  9   10 , Thomas McDade  11 , Stephane Pillet  12 , Robert Murphy  8
Affiliations

Cellular Immunity Is Critical for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Immunocompromised Individuals

Eustache Paramithiotis et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

COVID-19 vaccine clinical development was conducted with unprecedented speed. Immunity measurements were concentrated on the antibody response which left significant gaps in our understanding how robust and long-lasting immune protection develops. Better understanding the cellular immune response will fill those gaps, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised populations which not only have the highest risk for severe infection, but also frequently have inadequate antibody responses. Although cellular immunity measurements are more logistically complex to conduct for clinical trials compared to antibody measurements, the feasibility and benefit of doing them in clinical trials has been demonstrated and so should be more widely adopted. Adding significant cellular response metrics will provide a deeper understanding of the overall immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, which will significantly inform vaccination strategies for the most vulnerable populations. Better monitoring of overall immunity will also substantially benefit other vaccine development efforts, and indeed any therapies that involve the immune system as part of the therapeutic strategy.

Keywords: COVID-19; cellular immunity; efficacy; immunocompromised; vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

EuP, SS, EsP, and TC are employed by CellCarta Biosciences Inc., MB is employed by PPD, Inc., JM is employed by Arsenal Capital. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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