Standards for practical intravenous rapid drug desensitization & delabeling: A WAO committee statement

doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100640

Review

. 2022 May 31;15(6):100640.

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100640. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Standards for practical intravenous rapid drug desensitization & delabeling: A WAO committee statement

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

F Runa Ali², Denisse Angel-Pereira¹², Aleena Banerji¹⁰, Maria Pilar Berges-Gimeno¹³, Lorena Bernal-Rubio¹³, Knut Brockow¹⁴, Ricardo Cardona Villa¹⁵, Mariana C Castells¹⁶, Jean-Christoph Caubet¹⁷, Yoon-Seok Chang¹⁸, Luis Felipe Ensina¹⁹, Manana Chikhladze²⁰, Anca Mirela Chiriac²¹, Weng-Hung Chung²², Motohiro Ebisawa²³, Bryan Fernandes², Lene Heise Garvey^{24

25}, Maximiliano Gomez²⁶, Javier Gomez Vera²⁷, Sandra Gonzalez Diaz²⁸, David I Hong¹⁶, Juan Carlos Ivancevich²⁹, Hye-Ryun Kang³⁰, David A Khan³¹, Merin Kuruvilla³², Jose Ignacio Larco Sousa³³, Patricia Latour-Staffeld³⁴, Anne Y Liu³⁵, Eric Macy³⁶, Hans Jorgen Malling³⁷, Jorge Maspero³⁸, Sara M May³⁹, Cristobalina Mayorga⁴⁰, Miguel A Park⁴¹, Jonathan Peter⁴², Matthieu Picard⁴³, Tito Rodriguez-Bouza⁴⁴, Antonino Romano⁴⁵, Mario Sanchez-Borges^{46

47}, Luciana Kase Tanno²¹, Maria Jose Torres⁴⁰, Alicia Ureña-Tavera⁴⁸, Rocco L Valluzzi⁴⁹, Gerald W Volcheck⁴¹, Masao Yamaguchi⁵⁰

Affiliations

¹ Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
² Allergy & Severe Asthma Service, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
³ Drug Desensitisation Centre, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴ Division of Allergy & Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Allergy and Immunology, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.
⁶ RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
⁷ Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile.
⁸ Department of Medicine & Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
⁹ Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.
¹⁰ Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
¹¹ Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao-Erandio, Spain.
¹² Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.
¹³ Allergy Division, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁴ Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
¹⁵ Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
¹⁶ Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁷ Pediatric Allergy Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹⁸ Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
¹⁹ Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
²⁰ Medical Faculty at Akaki Tsereteli State University, KuTaisi, Tskaltubo, Georgia.
²¹ Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
²² Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linko and Keelung, Taiwan.
²³ Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
²⁴ Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁵ Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁶ School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Salta, Argentina.
²⁷ Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers, López Mateos Regional Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
²⁸ Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Gonzalitos y Madero s/n Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Mexico.
²⁹ Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³⁰ Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
³² Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
³³ Allergy Department, Clinica San Felipe, Lima, Peru.
³⁴ Centro Avanzado de Alergia y Asma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
³⁵ Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
³⁶ Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
³⁷ Danish Allergy Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁸ Allergy and Respiratory Research Unit, Fundación CIDEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³⁹ Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
⁴⁰ Allergy Unit and Research Group, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, UMA-IBIMA-BIONAND, ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain.
⁴¹ Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁴² Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴³ Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
⁴⁴ Centro de Patología Alérgica, Hospital Quirón Palmaplanas, Palma, Spain.
⁴⁵ Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
⁴⁶ Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.
⁴⁷ Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Clínica El Avila, Caracas, Venezuela.
⁴⁸ Clinica Union Medica del Norte, Santiago, Dominican Republic.
⁴⁹ Multifactorial and Systemic Diseases Research Area, Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁵⁰ Division of Respiratory Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan.

PMID: 35694005
PMCID: PMC9163606
DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100640

Review

Standards for practical intravenous rapid drug desensitization & delabeling: A WAO committee statement

Emilio Alvarez-Cuesta et al. World Allergy Organ J. 2022.

. 2022 May 31;15(6):100640.

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100640. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Collaborators

F Runa Ali², Denisse Angel-Pereira¹², Aleena Banerji¹⁰, Maria Pilar Berges-Gimeno¹³, Lorena Bernal-Rubio¹³, Knut Brockow¹⁴, Ricardo Cardona Villa¹⁵, Mariana C Castells¹⁶, Jean-Christoph Caubet¹⁷, Yoon-Seok Chang¹⁸, Luis Felipe Ensina¹⁹, Manana Chikhladze²⁰, Anca Mirela Chiriac²¹, Weng-Hung Chung²², Motohiro Ebisawa²³, Bryan Fernandes², Lene Heise Garvey^{24

25}, Maximiliano Gomez²⁶, Javier Gomez Vera²⁷, Sandra Gonzalez Diaz²⁸, David I Hong¹⁶, Juan Carlos Ivancevich²⁹, Hye-Ryun Kang³⁰, David A Khan³¹, Merin Kuruvilla³², Jose Ignacio Larco Sousa³³, Patricia Latour-Staffeld³⁴, Anne Y Liu³⁵, Eric Macy³⁶, Hans Jorgen Malling³⁷, Jorge Maspero³⁸, Sara M May³⁹, Cristobalina Mayorga⁴⁰, Miguel A Park⁴¹, Jonathan Peter⁴², Matthieu Picard⁴³, Tito Rodriguez-Bouza⁴⁴, Antonino Romano⁴⁵, Mario Sanchez-Borges^{46

47}, Luciana Kase Tanno²¹, Maria Jose Torres⁴⁰, Alicia Ureña-Tavera⁴⁸, Rocco L Valluzzi⁴⁹, Gerald W Volcheck⁴¹, Masao Yamaguchi⁵⁰

Affiliations

¹ Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
² Allergy & Severe Asthma Service, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
³ Drug Desensitisation Centre, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴ Division of Allergy & Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Allergy and Immunology, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain.
⁶ RETIC ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
⁷ Section of Immunology, HIV and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Chile.
⁸ Department of Medicine & Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
⁹ Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.
¹⁰ Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
¹¹ Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao-Erandio, Spain.
¹² Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain.
¹³ Allergy Division, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁴ Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
¹⁵ Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
¹⁶ Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁷ Pediatric Allergy Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹⁸ Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
¹⁹ Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
²⁰ Medical Faculty at Akaki Tsereteli State University, KuTaisi, Tskaltubo, Georgia.
²¹ Division of Allergy, Department of Pulmonology, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
²² Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linko and Keelung, Taiwan.
²³ Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
²⁴ Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁵ Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
²⁶ School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Salta, Argentina.
²⁷ Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers, López Mateos Regional Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico.
²⁸ Regional Center of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Gonzalitos y Madero s/n Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Mexico.
²⁹ Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³⁰ Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
³² Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
³³ Allergy Department, Clinica San Felipe, Lima, Peru.
³⁴ Centro Avanzado de Alergia y Asma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
³⁵ Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
³⁶ Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
³⁷ Danish Allergy Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
³⁸ Allergy and Respiratory Research Unit, Fundación CIDEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³⁹ Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
⁴⁰ Allergy Unit and Research Group, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, UMA-IBIMA-BIONAND, ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain.
⁴¹ Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁴² Division of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴³ Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
⁴⁴ Centro de Patología Alérgica, Hospital Quirón Palmaplanas, Palma, Spain.
⁴⁵ Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
⁴⁶ Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela.
⁴⁷ Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Clínica El Avila, Caracas, Venezuela.
⁴⁸ Clinica Union Medica del Norte, Santiago, Dominican Republic.
⁴⁹ Multifactorial and Systemic Diseases Research Area, Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
⁵⁰ Division of Respiratory Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba, Japan.

PMID: 35694005
PMCID: PMC9163606
DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100640

Abstract

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to intravenous drugs can be severe and might leave patients and doctors in a difficult position where an essential treatment or intervention has to be suspended. Even if virtually any intravenous medication can potentially trigger a life-threatening DHR, chemotherapeutics, biologics, and antibiotics are amongst the intravenous drugs most frequently involved in these reactions. Admittedly, suspending such treatments may negatively impact the survival outcomes or the quality of life of affected patients. Delabeling pathways and rapid drug desensitization (RDD) can help reactive patients stay on first-choice therapies instead of turning to less efficacious, less cost-effective, or more toxic alternatives. However, these are high-complexity and high-risk techniques, which usually need expert teams and allergy-specific techniques (skin testing, in vitro testing, drug provocation testing) to ensure safety, an accurate diagnosis, and personalized management. Unfortunately, there are significant inequalities within and among countries in access to allergy departments with the necessary expertise and resources to offer these techniques and tackle these DHRs optimally. The main objective of this consensus document is to create a great benefit for patients worldwide by aiding allergists to expand the scope of their practice and support them with evidence, data, and experience from leading groups from around the globe. This statement of the Drug Hypersensitivity Committee of the World Allergy Organization (WAO) aims to be a comprehensive practical guide on the technical aspects of implementing acute-onset intravenous hypersensitivity delabeling and RDD for a wide range of drugs. Thus, the manuscript does not only focus on clinical pathways. Instead, it also provides guidance on topics usually left unaddressed, namely, internal validation, continuous quality improvement, creating a healthy multidisciplinary environment, and redesigning care (including a specific supplemental section on a real-life example of how to design a dedicated space that can combine basic and complex diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in allergy).

Keywords: Antibiotic desensitization; Antibiotics; Betalactams; Biological agents; Chemotherapy; Delabeling; Drug allergy; Drug challenge; Drug desensitization; Drug provocation test; Penicillins; Personalized medicine; Precision medicine; Risk stratification; Skin test.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no competing interests with regards to this document.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Pathway for the assessment and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic agents.

**Fig. 2**
Pathway for the assessment and management of drug hypersensitivity reactions to biological agents.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Implementation of Rapid Drug Desensitization in Antineoplastic Drug Therapy in Denmark Using One-Bag Protocols.
Rasmussen TH, Mortz CG, Pfeiffer P, Andersen N, Mawn DG, Tannert LK, Basu MN, Rasmussen HM, Bindslev-Jensen C. Rasmussen TH, et al. Clin Transl Allergy. 2025 Aug;15(8):e70093. doi: 10.1002/clt2.70093. Clin Transl Allergy. 2025. PMID: 40804651 Free PMC article.
Prevalence and management of immediate drug hypersensitivity observed during antineoplastic drug therapy.
Rasmussen TH, Mortz CG, Pfeiffer P, Andersen N, Bindslev-Jensen C. Rasmussen TH, et al. Acta Oncol. 2025 Apr 28;64:574-584. doi: 10.2340/1651-226X.2025.43098. Acta Oncol. 2025. PMID: 40296288 Free PMC article.
Severe drug-associated anaphylaxis: a complementary descriptive analyses of registry cases and spontaneous reports.
Christ P, Dubrall D, Dölle-Bierke S, Francuzik W, Schmid M, Sachs B, Worm M. Christ P, et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2025 Jun 27. doi: 10.1007/s00228-025-03868-w. Online ahead of print. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2025. PMID: 40576782
Editorial: Diagnosis and management of allergy to chemotherapy and biologics.
Madrigal-Burgaleta R, Castells M. Madrigal-Burgaleta R, et al. Front Allergy. 2023 May 11;4:1205345. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1205345. eCollection 2023. Front Allergy. 2023. PMID: 37250973 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
The increasing role of the allergist in the management of infusion reactions at the Oncology Infusion Center.
Borrás Cuartero J, Torres Górriz MC, Stein Coronado CI, Germán Sánchez A, Pesántez Méndez CG, Latorre Ibáñez MD, Enrique E. Borrás Cuartero J, et al. Front Allergy. 2024 Dec 11;5:1479469. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1479469. eCollection 2024. Front Allergy. 2024. PMID: 39723347 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Vazquez-Revuelta P., Marti-Garrido J., Lleonart-Bellfill R., Ali F.R., Alvarez-Cuesta E. Medical algorithm: diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity reactions to cancer chemotherapy. Allergy. 2021 doi: 10.1111/all.14810. - DOI - PubMed
1. Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Bernal-Rubio L., Berges-Gimeno M.P., Carpio-Escalona L.V., Gehlhaar P., Alvarez-Cuesta E. A large single-hospital experience using drug provocation testing and rapid drug desensitization in hypersensitivity to antineoplastic and biological agents. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(2):618–632. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.031. - DOI - PubMed
1. Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Berges-Gimeno M.P., Angel-Pereira D., et al. Hypersensitivity and desensitization to antineoplastic agents: outcomes of 189 procedures with a new short protocol and novel diagnostic tools assessment. Allergy – Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;68(7) doi: 10.1111/all.12105. - DOI - PubMed
1. Alvarez-Cuesta E., Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Angel-Pereira D., et al. Delving into cornerstones of hypersensitivity to antineoplastic and biological agents: value of diagnostic tools prior to desensitization. Allergy – Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;70(7) doi: 10.1111/all.12620. - DOI - PubMed
1. Hong D.I., Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Banerji A., Castells M., Alvarez-Cuesta E. Controversies in allergy: chemotherapy reactions, desensitize or de-label? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(9):2907–2915.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.005. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

[1] Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Vazquez-Revuelta P., Marti-Garrido J., Lleonart-Bellfill R., Ali F.R., Alvarez-Cuesta E. Medical algorithm: diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity reactions to cancer chemotherapy. Allergy. 2021 doi: 10.1111/all.14810. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Vazquez-Revuelta P., Marti-Garrido J., Lleonart-Bellfill R., Ali F.R., Alvarez-Cuesta E. Medical algorithm: diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity reactions to cancer chemotherapy. Allergy. 2021 doi: 10.1111/all.14810. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Bernal-Rubio L., Berges-Gimeno M.P., Carpio-Escalona L.V., Gehlhaar P., Alvarez-Cuesta E. A large single-hospital experience using drug provocation testing and rapid drug desensitization in hypersensitivity to antineoplastic and biological agents. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(2):618–632. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.031. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Bernal-Rubio L., Berges-Gimeno M.P., Carpio-Escalona L.V., Gehlhaar P., Alvarez-Cuesta E. A large single-hospital experience using drug provocation testing and rapid drug desensitization in hypersensitivity to antineoplastic and biological agents. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(2):618–632. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.031. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Berges-Gimeno M.P., Angel-Pereira D., et al. Hypersensitivity and desensitization to antineoplastic agents: outcomes of 189 procedures with a new short protocol and novel diagnostic tools assessment. Allergy – Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;68(7) doi: 10.1111/all.12105. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Berges-Gimeno M.P., Angel-Pereira D., et al. Hypersensitivity and desensitization to antineoplastic agents: outcomes of 189 procedures with a new short protocol and novel diagnostic tools assessment. Allergy – Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;68(7) doi: 10.1111/all.12105. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Alvarez-Cuesta E., Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Angel-Pereira D., et al. Delving into cornerstones of hypersensitivity to antineoplastic and biological agents: value of diagnostic tools prior to desensitization. Allergy – Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;70(7) doi: 10.1111/all.12620. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Alvarez-Cuesta E., Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Angel-Pereira D., et al. Delving into cornerstones of hypersensitivity to antineoplastic and biological agents: value of diagnostic tools prior to desensitization. Allergy – Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;70(7) doi: 10.1111/all.12620. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Hong D.I., Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Banerji A., Castells M., Alvarez-Cuesta E. Controversies in allergy: chemotherapy reactions, desensitize or de-label? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(9):2907–2915.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.005. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Hong D.I., Madrigal-Burgaleta R., Banerji A., Castells M., Alvarez-Cuesta E. Controversies in allergy: chemotherapy reactions, desensitize or de-label? J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(9):2907–2915.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.005. - DOI - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Standards for practical intravenous rapid drug desensitization & delabeling: A WAO committee statement

Collaborators

Affiliations

Standards for practical intravenous rapid drug desensitization & delabeling: A WAO committee statement

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources