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. 2022 May 27:12:819802.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.819802. eCollection 2022.

Distribution of Vaginal and Gut Microbiome in Advanced Maternal Age

Yuxin Huang  1 , Dianjie Li  2 , Wei Cai  1 , Honglei Zhu  1 , Mc Intyre Shane  1 , Can Liao  3   4 , Shilei Pan  1
Affiliations

Distribution of Vaginal and Gut Microbiome in Advanced Maternal Age

Yuxin Huang et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

The distribution of the microbiome in women with advanced maternal age (AMA) is poorly understood. To gain insight into this, the vaginal and gut microbiota of 62 women were sampled and sequenced using the 16S rRNA technique. These women were divided into three groups, namely, the AMA (age ≥ 35 years, n = 13) group, the non-advanced maternal age (NMA) (age < 35 years, n = 38) group, and the control group (non-pregnant healthy women, age >35 years, n = 11). We found that the alpha diversity of vaginal microbiota in the AMA group significantly increased. However, the beta diversity significantly decreased in the AMA group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the diversity of gut microbiota among the three groups. The distributions of microbiota were significantly different among AMA, NMA, and control groups. In vaginal microbiota, the abundance of Lactobacillus was higher in the pregnant groups. Bifidobacterium was significantly enriched in the AMA group. In gut microbiota, Prevotella bivia was significantly enriched in the AMA group. Vaginal and gut microbiota in women with AMA were noticeably different from the NMA and non-pregnant women, and this phenomenon is probably related to the increased risk of complications in women with AMA.

Keywords: abundance; advanced maternal age; diversity; gut microbiota; vaginal microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A–C) Alpha diversity index differences in vaginal microbiota between groups (Wilcoxon test). (D–F) Alpha diversity index differences in gut microbiota between groups (Wilcoxon test). NS, not statistically significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A, B) PCoA (principal coordinates analysis) based on weighted UniFrac distance. (C, D) Beta diversity index differences between groups (Wilcoxon test). The abscissa represents a principal component, the ordinate represents another. The percentage represents the contribution value of the principal component to the sample difference. Each dot represents a sample, and samples in the same group are indicated in the same color.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Abundance of species at the phylum level in vaginal microbiota. (B) Abundance of species at the genus level in vaginal microbiota. (C) Abundance of species at the phylum level in gut microbiota. (D) Abundance of species at the genus level in gut microbiota.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) LEfSe (LDA effect size) between AMA and NMA groups in vaginal microbiota. (B) LEfSe between AMA and control groups in vaginal microbiota. (C) LEfSe between AMA and NMA groups in gut microbiota. (D) LEfSe between AMA and control groups in gut microbiota.
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