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. 2022 May 25:9:863876.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863876. eCollection 2022.

Assessing Concurrent Adherence to Combined Essential Medication and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. A Population-Based, Real-World Study Using Group-Based Trajectory Models

Clara L Rodríguez-Bernal  1   2 , Francisco Sánchez-Saez  1   2 , Daniel Bejarano-Quisoboni  1 , Isabel Hurtado  1   2 , Anibal García-Sempere  1   2 , Salvador Peiró  1   2 , Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno  1   2
Affiliations

Assessing Concurrent Adherence to Combined Essential Medication and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. A Population-Based, Real-World Study Using Group-Based Trajectory Models

Clara L Rodríguez-Bernal et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Aim: Adherence to multiple medications recommended for secondary prevention of cardiovascular conditions represents a challenge. We aimed to identify patterns of concurrent adherence to combined therapy and assess their impact on clinical outcomes in a cohort of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort of all patients discharged after hospitalization for ACS (2009-2011), prescribed ≥3 therapeutic groups within the first month. We assessed monthly concurrent adherence (≥24 days of medication out of 30) to ≥3 medications during the first year, and patterns were identified through group-based trajectory models. A composite clinical outcome during the second year was constructed. The association between adherence patterns and traditional refill adherence metrics [e.g., the proportion of days covered (PDC)], and outcomes were assessed through a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: Among 15,797 patients discharged alive, 12,057 (76.32%) initiated treatment with ≥3 therapeutic groups after discharge. We identified seven adherence trajectories to ≥3 medications: Adherent (52.94% of patients); Early Gap (6.64%); Middle Gap (5.67%); Late Decline (10.93%); Occasional Users (5.45%); Early Decline (8.79%); Non-Adherent (9.58%). Compared to the Adherent group, patients belonging to Early Gap (HR:1.30, 95%CI 1.07;1.60), Late decline (hazards ratio (HR): 1.31, 95% CI 1.1; 1.56), and Non-Adherent trajectories (HR: 1.36, 95% CI 1.14; 1.63) had a greater risk of adverse clinical outcomes, which was also different to the risk ascertained through concurrent PDC < 80 (HR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.01; 1.27).

Conclusion: Overall, seven adherence trajectories to ≥3 drugs were identified, with three distinct adherence patterns being at higher risk of adverse outcomes. The identification of patterns of concurrent adherence, a more comprehensive approach than traditional measurements, may be useful to target interventions to improve adherence to multiple medications.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; clinical outcomes; concomitant medications; concurrent adherence; group-based trajectory models; population-based cohort; real-world data.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the population.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adherence trajectories identified over the first year after an ACS.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Unadjusted incidence rates of major cardiovascular events. (B) Unadjusted incidence rates of death. (C) Unadjusted incidence rates of the composite outcome.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adjusted association between adherence trajectories and clinical outcomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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