Heterogeneous distribution of serum prolactin values in apparently healthy young women, and the effects of oral contraceptive medication

Abstract

Controversy over effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on serum prolactin (PRL) levels from retrospective studies suggested performing a prospective study. Statistical analyses of PRL levels in 552 reproductive-age, nonmedicated women indicated a provisionally lognormal distribution of values less than 15 ng/ml, contaminated by a small number of abnormally high values less than or equal to 90 mg/ml. Truncated samples were used to estimate a "normal range" of PRL levels for three subsets of the study sample, classified according to number of weeks after pregnancy. Fifty-microgram estrogen-containing OCs doubled basal PRL levels at 5 to 8 weeks in those whose initial control values fell below 15 ng/ml, but the PRL elevation was no longer evident at 6 months of drug use. These OCs induced a small but significant lowering of PRL at 5 to 8 weeks in those with control levels of 15 ng/ml or higher. Thirty-five-microgram estrogen-containing OCs failed to alter PRL levels at 5 to 8 weeks in those with control values less than 15 ng/ml.