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. 2022 Apr;15(4):1121-1128.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1121-1128. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

First study on molecular detection of three major canine tick-borne pathogens in subclinically infected dogs in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Keiichiro Tazawa  1 , Napassorn Poolsawat  2 , Andrew D Gibson  1   3 , Luke Gamble  1   3 , Alasdair King  4 , Panat Anuracpreeda  2
Affiliations

First study on molecular detection of three major canine tick-borne pathogens in subclinically infected dogs in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Keiichiro Tazawa et al. Vet World. 2022 Apr.

Abstract

Background and aim: Canine tick-borne pathogens (CTBPs) are an important cause of morbidity in dogs in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of three CTBPs in clinically normal, owned dogs to understand the risk for the general canine population. We also examined sex, age, tick infestation, and packed cell volume (PCV) of the animals in association with active infection of the CTBPs.

Materials and methods: A total of 139 dogs were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for thin blood smear, PCV and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the association between individual factors and CTBP infection status determined by PCR. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen's kappa were calculated to assess the utility of routine blood smear.

Results: The PCR results showed that 31 dogs (22.3%) were infected with at least one of the three pathogens. The occurrence rate for Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, and Hepatozoon canis was 2.2% (3/139), 18.7% (24/139), and 2.8% (4/139), respectively. There were two cases of coinfection with A. platys and E. canis. The univariate analyses did not yield any associations between recorded variables and the active infection. Microscopic examination showed good sensitivity and agreement only for H. canis (Sn: 75%, 95% confidence interval: 24.9-98.7, k=0.85).

Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the endemicity of the CTBPs in owned canine population in the study site. In-depth epidemiological investigation would be warranted to elucidate environmental risk factors for CTBP infection.

Keywords: Anaplasma platys; Ehrlichia canis; Hepatozoon canis; canine tick-borne disease; polymerase chain reaction; thin blood smear.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
Location of Chiang Mai Province, Worldwide Veterinary Service, Thailand, and sample locations. [Base map source: Humanitarian Data Exchange: https://data.humdata.org/].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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