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Review
. 2022 Jun 14;20(1):276.
doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01478-7.

Recent advances in mRNA-LNP therapeutics: immunological and pharmacological aspects

Seyed Hossein Kiaie  1   2   3 , Naime Majidi Zolbanin  4   5 , Armin Ahmadi  6 , Rafieh Bagherifar  2 , Hadi Valizadeh  7 , Fatah Kashanchi  8 , Reza Jafari  9
Affiliations
Review

Recent advances in mRNA-LNP therapeutics: immunological and pharmacological aspects

Seyed Hossein Kiaie et al. J Nanobiotechnology. .

Abstract

In the last decade, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics by lipid nanoparticles (LNP) leads to facilitate clinical trial recruitment, which improves the efficacy of treatment modality to a large extent. Although mRNA-LNP vaccine platforms for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated high efficiency, safety and adverse effects challenges due to the uncontrolled immune responses and inappropriate pharmacological interventions could limit this tremendous efficacy. The current study reveals the interplay of immune responses with LNP compositions and characterization and clarifies the interaction of mRNA-LNP therapeutics with dendritic, macrophages, neutrophile cells, and complement. Then, pharmacological profiles for mRNA-LNP delivery, including pharmacokinetics and cellular trafficking, were discussed in detail in cancer types and infectious diseases. This review study opens a new and vital landscape to improve multidisciplinary therapeutics on mRNA-LNP through modulation of immunopharmacological responses in clinical trials.

Keywords: Dendritic cell; Immune system; Immunogenicity; Lipid nanoparticles; Pharmacologic response; Toll-like receptor; mRNA delivery.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of the mechanism of tumor cell killing through DCs maturation by LNP assisted mRNA delivery
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
PRRs recognize both mRNA and LNP in both intracellular and extracellular pathways through TLRs, RLRs, and NLRs
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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