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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Aug;42(8):667-676.
doi: 10.1002/phar.2712. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scales: Toward defining the role of BIS in critically ill patients

Mojdeh S Heavner  1 , Emily F Gorman  2 , Dustin D Linn  3 , Siu Yan Amy Yeung  4 , Todd A Miano  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scales: Toward defining the role of BIS in critically ill patients

Mojdeh S Heavner et al. Pharmacotherapy. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Introduction: The bispectral index (BIS) is an attractive approach for monitoring level of consciousness in critically ill patients, particularly during paralysis, when commonly used sedation scales cannot be used.

Objectives: As a first step toward establishing the utility of BIS during paralysis, this review examines the strength of correlation between BIS and clinical sedation scales in a broad population of non-paralyzed, critically ill adults.

Methods: We included studies evaluating the strength of correlation between concurrent assessments of BIS and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS), or Sedation Agitation Scale (SAS) in critically ill adult patients. Studies involving assessment of depth sedation periperative or procedural time periods, and those reporting BIS and sedation scale assessments conducted >5 min apart or while neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) were administered, were excluded. Data were abstracted on sedation scale, correlation coefficients, setting, patient characteristics, and BIS assessment characteristics that could impact the quality of the studies.

Results: Twenty-four studies which enrolled 1235 patients met inclusion criteria. The correlation between BIS and RASS, RSS, and SAS overall was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.74, Ƭ2 = 0.06 I2 = 71.26%). Subgroup analysis by sedation scale indicated that the correlation between BIS and RASS, RSS, and SAS were 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.58-0.73, Ƭ2 = 0.01 I2 = 30.20%), 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.69-0.82, Ƭ2 = 0.04 I2 = 67.15%), and 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.42-0.63, Ƭ2 = 0.01 I2 = 26.59%), respectively. Factors associated with significant heterogeneity included comparator clinical sedation scale, neurologic injury, and the type of intensive care unit (ICU) population.

Conclusions: BIS demonstrated moderate to strong correlation with clinical sedation scales in adult ICU patients, providing preliminary evidence for the validity of BIS as a measure of sedation intensity when clinical scales cannot be used. Future studies should determine whether BIS monitoring is safe and effective in improving outcomes in patients receiving NMBA treatment.

Keywords: Ramsay Sedation Scale; Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale; Sedation Agitation Scale; bispectral index; intensive care unit.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: D.D.L. is employed by Philips North America but was employed at Manchester University College of Pharmacy while this work was being conducted. M.S.H., E.F.G., S.Y.A.Y., and T.A.M. have no relevant relationships and activities to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses flow diagram for systematic review phases for correlation between concurrent measurements of bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scale assessments.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Meta-analysis and forest plot of overall correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scales.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Sub-group meta-analysis and forest plot of correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS), or Sedation Agitation Scale (SAS).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Sub-group meta-analysis and forest plot of correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scales stratified by inclusion of patients with neurologic injury.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Sub-group meta-analysis and forest plot of correlation between bispectral index (BIS) and clinical sedation scales stratified by depth of sedation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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