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. 2023 Jan;39(1):30-38.
doi: 10.1111/jrh.12686. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Increased rates of suicide ideation and attempts in rural dwellers following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elizabeth Salt  1 , Amanda T Wiggins  1 , Julie Cerel  2 , Claire-Marie Hall  1 , Misty Ellis  1 , Gena L Cooper  3 , Brian W Adkins  3 , Mary Kay Rayens  1
Affiliations

Increased rates of suicide ideation and attempts in rural dwellers following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elizabeth Salt et al. J Rural Health. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: Those factors identified to increase the risk of suicide in rural dwellers were exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, specifically economic factors, substance use, access to health care, and access to lethal weapons. Because the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on suicide ideation and attempts in rural populations have not been fully characterized in published literature, this study compares: (1) the rates of suicide ideation and attempts between the 6 months affected by SARS-CoV-2 to same months of the preceding year (3/18/2020-9/18/20; 3/18/2019-9/18/19), (2) demographics (ie, age, sex, residence, race, and ethnicity), and (3) the locations in which the encounters were billed (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency department).

Methods: Deidentified claims data associated with patient encounters billed for Suicide Ideation and Suicide Attempt were grouped based on time period and analyzed using descriptive statistics, incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2-sample t-test, chi-square test of association, or Fisher's exact test.

Findings: Suicidal ideation encounters increased in the 6 months post-SARS-CoV-2 when compared to the 6 months of the prior year (IRR = 1.19; P < .001). Males (IRR = 1.27, P < .001), those residing rural areas (IRR = 1.22, P = .01), and Black, non-Hispanic (IRR = 1.24, P = .024) were found to have increased rates of suicide ideation post-SARS-Cov-2. In adults, White, non-Hispanics (IRR = 1.16; P < .001) had increased rates of post-SARS-CoV-2. In the pediatric subset, those who were aged 14-17 (IRR = 1.50; P < .001), resided in rural areas (IRR = 1.61, P = .009), and idenitifed as Hispanic (IRR = 1.89; P = .037) or Black, non-Hispanic (IRR = 1.61, P = .009) had increased rates post-SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusions: Our study identified rural dwellers to be at increased risk for suicide ideation.

Keywords: demographics; emergency department; inpatient; rural; suicide attempt; suicide ideation; urban.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest to report in regard to this project.

References

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