Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jun;31(6):755-757.
doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0631.

Effects of Climate and Environmental Changes on Women's Reproductive Health

Affiliations

Effects of Climate and Environmental Changes on Women's Reproductive Health

Guillermina Girardi et al. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Jun.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Effects of CECs on women's reproductive health (sexual maturation, fertility, pregnancy, lactation, and menopause). CECs, climate and environmental changes; GDM, gestational diabetes; LBW, low birth weight; PTB, preterm birth.

Similar articles

Cited by

  • Air pollution and pregnancy.
    Aguilera J, Konvinse K, Lee A, Maecker H, Prunicki M, Mahalingaiah S, Sampath V, Utz PJ, Yang E, Nadeau KC. Aguilera J, et al. Semin Perinatol. 2023 Dec;47(8):151838. doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151838. Epub 2023 Oct 10. Semin Perinatol. 2023. PMID: 37858459 Free PMC article.
  • The impact of implementing the women's reproductive rights agenda on climate change.
    Temmerman M, Peeters E, Delacroix C, Arunda M, Khalid S, Hanson C, Ojong SA. Temmerman M, et al. Front Glob Womens Health. 2025 Jun 26;6:1594066. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1594066. eCollection 2025. Front Glob Womens Health. 2025. PMID: 40642052 Free PMC article.

References

    1. Romanello M, McGushin A, Di Napoli C, et al. . The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Code red for a healthy future. Lancet 2021;398:1619–1662. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Met Office. Mauna Loa carbon dioxide forecast for 2021. 2021. Available at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal/long-r... Accessed February 7, 2022.
    1. Le Quéré C, Jackson RB, Jones MW, et al. . Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement. Nat Clim Chang 2020;10:647–653.
    1. Canelón SP, Boland MR. A systematic literature review of factors affecting the timing of Menarche: The potential for climate change to impact women's health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17:1703. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Šaffa G, Kubicka AM, Hromada M, Kramer KL. Is the timing of menarche correlated with mortality and fertility rates? PLoS ONE 2019;14:e0215462. - PMC - PubMed