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. 2022 May 31:13:862854.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862854. eCollection 2022.

Modeling COVID-19 Impact on Consumption and Mobility in Europe: A Legacy Toward Sustainable Business Performance

Waqar Ameer  1 , Ka Yin Chau  2 , Nosheen Mumtaz  3 , Muhammad Irfan  4 , Ayesha Mumtaz  5
Affiliations

Modeling COVID-19 Impact on Consumption and Mobility in Europe: A Legacy Toward Sustainable Business Performance

Waqar Ameer et al. Front Psychol. .

Retraction in

Abstract

This article has explored the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced decline in consumer durables and mobility on nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emission in Europe by providing empirical and graphical justifications based on consumer price index (CPI) and gross domestic product (GDP) deflator indexes. The empirical estimations show that carbon dioxide (CO2) and NOx emission along with other greenhouse gases drastically decreased in the wake of COVID-19-induced lockdowns and decrease in the demand of consumer goods in Europe. This means that COVID-19 improved environment in the European region. However, high cost (e.g., unemployment, loss of life, and social segregation) makes COVID-19 an unstable solution to environmental woes where positive impact of COVID-19 on environment achieved in short run cannot be guaranteed in the long run. Besides environment, COVID-19 drastically curtailed economic activities and exposed them to the risk of economic crisis particularly in case of Europe.

Keywords: COVID-19; developing countries; economics; environment; lockdown.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration over Europe. Source: Hasanat Shah et al. (2021); ESA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2018. Source: International Council on Clean Transportation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparative analysis of consumer price index (CPI) 2020 and CPI 2019. Source: Author's Calculations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparative analysis of gross domestic product (GDP) deflator 2020 and GDP deflator 2019. Source: Author's Calculations.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs. COVID-19-induced deaths. Source: Author's Calculations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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