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Review
. 2022 Jul;33(3):287-295.
doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 May 26.

Spinal Cord Stimulation: New Waveforms and Technology

Dennis London  1 , Alon Mogilner  2
Affiliations
Review

Spinal Cord Stimulation: New Waveforms and Technology

Dennis London et al. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

The efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for treating chronic pain has encouraged the development of a wide variety of different technologies for stimulation. In this review, the authors first discuss how parameters of stimulation determine the stimulation waveform. They then discuss new stimulation waveforms, including high frequency and burst stimulation, and the evidence supporting their use. Finally, the authors turn to emerging technologies and techniques including dorsal root ganglion stimulation, wireless stimulation, and closed-loop stimulation.

Keywords: Chronic pain; Closed-loop stimulation; Dorsal root ganglion stimulation; Emerging technologies; Neuromodulation; Spinal cord stimulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure D. London has nothing to disclose. A. Mogilner: Consultant: Medtronic, Abbott Medical, Boston Scientific. Grant Support: Medtronic, Abbott Medical