Competing interests: We have read and understood the BMJ Group policy on declaration of interests and declare no competing interests. ASK provides guidance to Colorado and the Massachusetts Health Policy Commission on prescription drug price review processes under contracts to Brigham and Women’s Hospital but does not receive personal funding for this work. ASK’s work supported by Arnold Ventures. AJNR is a member of the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review Expert Review Committee. Provenance and peer review: Commissioned, not externally peer reviewed