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. 2022 May 3:78:103687.
doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103687. eCollection 2022 Jun.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains in device associated nosocomial infection and their in vitro killing by nanocomposites

Shahbaz Aman  1 , Divya Mittal  2 , Shalini Shriwastav  1 , Hardeep Singh Tuli  2 , Shubham Chauhan  1 , Pardeep Singh  3 , Sheetal Sharma  3 , Reena V Saini  2 , Narinder Kaur  1 , Adesh K Saini  2
Affiliations

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains in device associated nosocomial infection and their in vitro killing by nanocomposites

Shahbaz Aman et al. Ann Med Surg (Lond). .

Abstract

Background: As per WHO, global burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) ranges between 7% and 12%. There is a dire need to screen Device associated nosocomial infections (DANIs) in hospitals(1). To investigate the prevalence of microbes in hospitals in DANI cases and analyse in vitro control of multi-drug resistant strains by nanotechnology intervention.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with DANI were enrolled and monitored. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the etiological agent of DANIs were made by the phenotypic method and Vitek 2 automated systems according to standard protocol. In addition, biosynthesized nanocomposite was analysed for their antimicrobial activity by agar well-diffusion method, CFU count and DNA degradation analysis.

Results: There were a total of 324 patients diagnosed with DANIs. Total 369 microbial pathogens were isolated from DANI patients. The majority (87%) of the pathogenic microbes were gram-negative bacilli and all were multidrug-resistant. 41.5% of the gram-negative isolates were ESBL producers. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus contributes about 7.3% of the total isolates in gram-positive bacteria. Nanocomposite showed 100% bactericidal activity at 5 mg/ml concentration within 3 h of incubation, whereas 2.5 mg/ml concentration of nanocomposites takes 6 h to inhibit complete growth.

Conclusions: DANI, which was found in patients of all age groups, us due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The most commn causative agents were Acinetobacter baumannii and Citrobacter species. Nanocomposites can provide an alternative solution to prevent the DANIs.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Antimicrobial-resistant, AMR; Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection, CAUTI; Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection, CLABSI; Device associated nosocomial infection; Device-associated Nosocomial Infections, DANIs; Heathcare associated infections; Intensive Care Unit, ICU; Multi drug resistant; Nanocomposites; Ventilator-associated Pneumonia, VAP.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(A) MRSA detection by cefoxitin disc diffusion method, (B) Double disc methods for ESBL detection, (C) Metallo β-Lactamase detection by combined disc method.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of β-lactamase Producer. EC: Escherichia coli; KS: Klebsiella species; Pr. S: Proteus species; Ps. A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; AB: Acinetobacter baumannii; CB: Citrobacter species; ESBL: Extended spectrum of β-lactamase; MBL: Metallo β-lactamase.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Antimicrobial Activity of nanocomposites. Carbon quantum dots decorated dual Z-scheme Manganese Indium Sulphide/Cuprous Oxide/Silver oxide Nanocomposite was incubated with various MDR isolates and CFUs was enumerated at different time intervals (A) 3 h (B) 6 h (C) 24 h. EC: Escherichia coli; KS: Klebsiella species; Pr. S: Proteus species; Ps. A: Pseudomonas species; AB: Acinetobacter baumannii.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Agarose gel electrophoresis for DNA degradation by 2.5 mg/ml nanocomposite: Lane L (2 kb Ladder), Lane 1 (DNA isolated from untreated MDR Escherichia coli strains), Lane 2–6 (DNA isolated from treated MDR strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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