Age-Associated Differences in Mental Distress Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to use a large population-based sample to investigate age-associated differences in mental distress among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults compared with their heterosexual, cisgender counterparts.

Methods: Data were pooled from five cycles (2014-2018) of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey (N=762,541) and included states that administered the optional SGM module during that interval. Mean days of self-reported mental distress and the rate of frequent mental distress (≥14 days of mental distress per month) were calculated for each age and SGM identity stratum by using linear and logistic regression, respectively. Models controlled for socioeconomic factors and medical comorbid conditions. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design of the BRFSS.

Results: Among those ages 18-24 years, mean days of mental distress and the rate of frequent mental distress were significantly higher for SGM subgroups compared with cisgender, heterosexual adults. Among those ages 45-54, 55-64, or ≥65, no differences were noted between SGM groups and their cisgender, heterosexual peers.

Conclusions: Younger SGM respondents reported the highest levels of mental distress. Differences in general mental distress were less detectable with increasing age. The findings suggest that SGM young adults have an increased need for mental health services.

Keywords: LGTBQ; Lifespan; Mental distress; Public health.