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. 2022 Jun 12;11(12):1555.
doi: 10.3390/plants11121555.

Polyphenols and Flavonoids Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Andean Baccharis macrantha Extracts

Santiago Rosero  1 , Freddy Del Pozo  1 , Walter Simbaña  1   2 , Mario Álvarez  1 , María Fernanda Quinteros  3 , Wilman Carrillo  4 , Dayana Morales  1
Affiliations

Polyphenols and Flavonoids Composition, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Andean Baccharis macrantha Extracts

Santiago Rosero et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

This study examined the leaves of Baccharis macrantha to obtain extracts of Baccharis macrantha (EBM) and to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC) and the total polyphenol content (TPC). The main objective of this work was to quantify TPC and TFC of extracts of B. macrantha from Ecuador and evaluate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The extraction method was optimized with solvents, ethanol, and methanol, at temperatures of 30-60 °C and extraction times of 5-20 min. The optimal TFC extraction conditions were at EtOH25% at 50 °C for 10 min. The optimal TPC extraction conditions were at EtOH50% at 50 °C for 10 min. EBM was characterized by TLC and HPLC with three standards: gallic acid, catechin, and quercetin. EBM-EtOH25% and EBM-EtOH50% obtained at 50 °C for 10 min were used to identify quercetin and evaluate biologicals activities. Quercetin was detected in EBM (EtOH25% and EtOH50%). EBM anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated with the red blood cell stabilization (RBC) method. The RBC model showed values of 49.72% of protection lysis RBC to EBM-EtOH25% and 50.71% of protection lysis RBC to EBM-EtOH50%. The EBM in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed a protection of 77.00% (EtOH25%) and 73.11% (EtOH50%) when the TBARs method was used. EBM-EtOH25% and EtOH50% showed high antioxidant activity. EBM-EtOH25% presented values of ABTS (1172 µmol TE/g EBM), DPPH (836 µmol TE/g, EBM), and FRAP (85.70 µmol TE/g, EBM).

Keywords: Baccharis macrantha; TBARS; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; extracts; flavonoids; polyphenols.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The branches of Baccharis macrantha with the flowering, the leaves with a shiny surface, and the underside with creamy-white wax (lower left side).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship of temperature and time factors at different levels on (a) total flavonoids content (TFC) and (b) total polyphenol content (TPC). (r = Pearson coefficient of correlation). (p < 0.005).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Anti-inflammatory activity of EBM-EtOH25% and EBM-EtOH50% by red blood cell membrane stabilized (RBC) assay. The results for positive control (diclofenac) and negative control solvents (EtOH25% and EtOH50%) can be seen. Results are presented as Mean ± SD (n = 3) and were evaluated by one-way Anova and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Statistical differences are indicated with different letters.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vitro of EBM-EtOH25% and EBM-EtOH50%. Results for positive control butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and negative control solvents (EtOH25% and EtOH50%) can be seen, as well as the results for EBM (extracts of Baccharis macrantha). Results are presented as Mean ± SD (n = 3) and were evaluated by one-way Anova and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Statistical differences are indicated with different letters.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Analysis TLC of EBM-EtOH25% and EBM-EtOH50%. GA (gallic acid standard), CT (+ catechin standard) and QT (quercetin standard). UV light at 366 nm.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Analysis UHPLC of extracts of Baccharis macrantha. (A) Gallic acid, catechin, and quercetin standards (B) EBM-EtOH25% and EBM-EtOH50%. (λ = 366 nm).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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