Electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection: Voltametric or impedimetric transduction?

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, electrochemical biosensors have shown several advantages including accuracy, low cost, possibility of miniaturization and portability, which make them an interesting testing method for rapid point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the detection of both viral RNA and viral antigens. Herein, we reviewed advancements in electrochemical biosensing platforms towards the detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on voltametric and impedimetric transduction modes, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the two methods.

Keywords: Aptasensor; DNA-sensor; Immunosensor; Impedimetric biosensor; MIP-sensor; SARS-CoV-2; Voltametric biosensor.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Schematic classification of electrochemical biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection reported in literature. List of abbreviations: ABBs = affinity-based biosensors; MIP = molecular imprinted polymer; VIP = virus imprinted polymer.

Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the electrochemical immunosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection proposed by Fabiani et al. . List of abbreviations: CB = carbon black; SPE = screen printed electrode; MBs = magnetic beads; MAb = monoclonal antibodies; PAb = polyclonal antibodies anti-S = antibodies against Spike protein; anti-N = antibodies against Nucleocapsid protein; AP = alkaline phosphatase.

Fig. 3

Schematic representation of the electrochemical immunosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection proposed by Eissa & Zourub . List of abbreviations: SPE = screen printed electrode; EDC-NHS = ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS); N-protein = nucleocapsid protein; anti N-protein = antibodies against Nucleocapsid protein.