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Multicenter Study
. 2022 May 29;13(6):972.
doi: 10.3390/genes13060972.

HLA Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship to Reported Race/Skin Color in Their Relatives: A Brazilian Multicenter Study

Marília B Gomes  1 , Luís C Porto  2 , Dayse A Silva  3 , Carlos A Negrato  4 , Elizabeth João Pavin  5 , Renan Montenegro Junior  6 , Sergio A Dib  7 , João S Felício  8 , Deborah C Santos  1 , Luiza H Muniz  1 , Rosângela Réa  9 , Rossana Sousa Azulay  10 , Vandilson Rodrigues  11
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

HLA Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship to Reported Race/Skin Color in Their Relatives: A Brazilian Multicenter Study

Marília B Gomes et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the relationship between HLA alleles in patients with type 1 diabetes from an admixed population and the reported race/skin color of their relatives. This cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in public clinics in nine Brazilian cities and included 662 patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. Demographic data for patients and information on the race/skin color and birthplace of their relatives were obtained. Typing of the HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 genes was performed. Most studied patients reported having a White relative (95.17%), and the most frequently observed allele among them was DRB1*03:01. Increased odds of presenting this allele were found only in those patients who reported having all White relatives. Considering that most of the patients reported having a White relative and that the most frequent observed allele was DRB1*03:01 (probably a European-derived allele), regardless of the race/skin color of their relatives, we conclude that the type 1 diabetes genotype comes probably from European, Caucasian ethnicity. However, future studies with other ancestry markers are needed to fill the knowledge gap regarding the genetic origin of the type 1 diabetes genotype in admixed populations such as the Brazilian.

Keywords: HLA; ethnicity; relatives; reported race/skin color; type 1 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparative analysis of family birthplace according to the degree of kindship (a,c) and male/female relatives (b,d). Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of HLA-DRB1 alleles according to reported race/skin color from paternal relatives (a–c) and maternal relatives (d–f). Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of carriers of HLA-DRB1*03 or/and 04 alleles according to reported race/skin color in 1st degree (a), 2nd degree (b) and 3rd degree (c) relatives. Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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