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Review
. 2022 Jun 9;10(6):1074.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare10061074.

Association of Hypertension and Organ-Specific Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Morgan Connaughton  1 , Mahsa Dabagh  1
Affiliations
Review

Association of Hypertension and Organ-Specific Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Morgan Connaughton et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Hypertension and cancer are two of the leading global causes of death. Hypertension, known as chronic high blood pressure, affects approximately 45% of the American population and is a growing condition in other parts of the world, particularly in Asia and Europe. On the other hand, cancer resulted in approximately 10 million deaths in 2020 worldwide. Several studies indicate a coexistence of these two conditions, specifically that hypertension, independently, is associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis initially to reveal the prevalence of hypertension and cancer comorbidity and then to assess which organ-specific cancers were associated with hypertension by calculating the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our analysis shows that hypertension plays a role in cancer initiation. Our extended analysis on how the hypertension-associated angiogenesis factors are linked to cancer demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 appear to be two key factors facilitating cancer in hypertensive patients. This work serves as an important step in the current assessment of hypertension-promoted increased risk of 19 different cancers, particularly kidney, renal cell carcinoma, breast, colorectal, endometrial, and bladder. These findings provide new insight into how to treat and prevent cancer in hypertensive patients.

Keywords: MMP; cancer; comorbidity; hypertension; statistical analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the studies excluded during a manual literature search conducted over five months.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The summary of the relative risks, 95% confidence intervals, and heterogeneity for each individual organ-specific cancer site.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Dose-dependent SBP summary of the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for each individual organ-specific cancer site.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dose-dependent DBP summary of the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for each individual organ-specific cancer site.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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