. 2022 Jun 10;11(12):3348.

doi: 10.3390/jcm11123348.

Marking the Profile of the Microflora of the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix in Women as a Potential Factor Determining the Effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization

Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska^{1

2

3}, Michał Czerwiński^{1

2

3}, Emilia Morawiec^{1

4

5}, Aleksandra Łach⁴, Anna Ziaja⁴, Adrian Kusaj⁴, Patrycja Strączyńska^{1

5

6}, Dorota Sagan⁷, Dariusz Boroń^{4

8

9

10}, Beniamin Oskar Grabarek^{1

4

8

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland.
² Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
³ American Medical Clinic, 40-600 Katowice, Poland.
⁴ Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
⁶ Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
⁷ Medical Center Dormed Medical SPA, 28-105 Busko-Zdroj, Poland.
⁸ Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
⁹ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Kraków, Poland.
¹⁰ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662 Katowice, Poland.

PMID: 35743414
PMCID: PMC9224746
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123348

Marking the Profile of the Microflora of the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix in Women as a Potential Factor Determining the Effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization

Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska et al. J Clin Med. 2022.

. 2022 Jun 10;11(12):3348.

doi: 10.3390/jcm11123348.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, 40-121 Katowice, Poland.
² Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
³ American Medical Clinic, 40-600 Katowice, Poland.
⁴ Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
⁵ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
⁶ Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
⁷ Medical Center Dormed Medical SPA, 28-105 Busko-Zdroj, Poland.
⁸ Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
⁹ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, 31-826 Kraków, Poland.
¹⁰ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjalisci od Zdrowia, 40-662 Katowice, Poland.

PMID: 35743414
PMCID: PMC9224746
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123348

Abstract

One promising research trend involves evaluating the influence of microbiota in the reproductive system of women on becoming pregnant and maintaining pregnancy. The goal of this study was to define the microflora profile of the endometrium and uterine cervix in women qualified for an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, which is expected to contribute to increasing the percentage of successful IVF implantations. Based on the conducted molecular analysis in the collected swabs, 22 bacterial strains were identified. Eleven strains (57%) that were isolated belong to the physiological microflora, the most common strain of which was Lactobacillus. Eight of the isolated strains (33%) were pathological microflora, among which the most common bacteria were from the Enterobacteriaceae family (which includes E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella). Finally, three of the bacterial strains (10%) may be a component of both physiological or pathological microflora of the vagina: Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum group, and Alloscardovia omnicolens. The presence of Escherichia coli was detected in six women, Staphylococcus aureus also in six patients, Atopobium parvulum in three, Streptococcus salivarius group in three, Enterococcus faecalis in four, and Aerococcus christensenii in two patients. We found statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) between Lactobacillus fermentum and Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Escherichia coli groups, Lactobacillus FN667084_s and Staphylococcus aureus groups, as well as Lactobacillus fermentum and Streptococcus agalactiae. Based on the conducted study, it may be confirmed that the endometrium is, to a large extent, colonized by lactic acid bacilli. Apart from that, endometrial dysbiosis was not noted in patients qualified for the IVF procedure.

Keywords: endometrium; in vitro fertilization; microbiome; microbiota; next-generation sequencing; uterine cervix.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Number of readings of individual bacteria strains colonizing the endometrium and the uterine cervix of patients qualified for the IVF procedure.

**Figure 2**
Percentage of individual bacteria strains colonizing the endometrium and the uterine cervix of patients qualified for the IVF procedure.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Marking the Profile of the Microflora of the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix in Women as a Potential Factor Determining the Effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization

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Marking the Profile of the Microflora of the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix in Women as a Potential Factor Determining the Effectiveness of In Vitro Fertilization

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