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Review
. 2022 May 27;12(6):880.
doi: 10.3390/jpm12060880.

Biomarkers Predictive of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Alberto Romano  1 , Ester Del Vescovo  1 , Serena Rivetti  1 , Silvia Triarico  1 , Giorgio Attinà  1 , Stefano Mastrangelo  1 , Palma Maurizi  1 , Antonio Ruggiero  1
Affiliations
Review

Biomarkers Predictive of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood Cancer Survivors

Alberto Romano et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

The improvement in childhood cancer treatments resulted in a marked improvement in the survival of pediatric cancer patients. However, as survival increased, it was also possible to observe the long-term side effects of cancer therapies. Among these, metabolic syndrome is one of the most frequent long-term side effects, and causes high mortality and morbidity. Consequently, it is necessary to identify strategies that allow for early diagnosis. In this review, the pathogenetic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and the potential new biomarkers that can facilitate its diagnosis in survivors of pediatric tumors are analyzed.

Keywords: cancer survivors; cardiovascular disease; chemotherapy toxicity; childhood cancer; metabolic syndrome; obesity; radiotherapy toxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Research methods. The figure shows the results of the research carried out on PubMed. The rectangles contain the search terms. The number of articles obtained from the individual searches are contained in the circles. All articles obtained were analyzed according to the filters noted adjacent to the funnel. The final number of articles included in the review is 149.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanisms of action of the biomarkers of MetS. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and high dose steroids cause the appearance of weight gain with a consequent increase in the hepatic production of apoB, Lp(a) and hs-CRP, a reduction in the production of adiponectin by the adipose tissue and a simultaneous reduction in the production of leptin, reduction in the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF by the immune and non-immune cells, and uric acid. The production of these markers determines insulin resistance, inflammation, dyslipidemia, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and atherosclerosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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