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Review
. 2022 Jun 17;12(6):908.
doi: 10.3390/life12060908.

Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacements in Class II Malocclusion and Cervical Spine Alterations: Systematic Review and Report of a Hypodivergent Case with MRI Bone and Soft Tissue Changes

Oana Almășan  1 , Andreea Kui  1 , Ioana Duncea  1 , Avram Manea  2 , Smaranda Buduru  1
Affiliations
Review

Temporomandibular Joint Disk Displacements in Class II Malocclusion and Cervical Spine Alterations: Systematic Review and Report of a Hypodivergent Case with MRI Bone and Soft Tissue Changes

Oana Almășan et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Background: This study aimed to perform a literature review related to disk displacement (DD) in class II malocclusion or cervical vertebrae position alterations and to report a hypodivergent case with cervical pain and right anterolateral DD with reduction, left anterolateral DD with reduction, and left joint effusion. (2) Methods: A structured electronic search was conducted between March 2022 and April 2022, without time limits, following PRISMA guidelines, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane; the terms "disc displacement", "disk displacement", "temporomandibular joint", "class II malocclusion" and "cervical vertebrae" are searched. (3) Results: the following thirteen publications are included in this review: two prospective studies and eleven cross-sectional studies; for evaluating disk position, eight included publications used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whilst six studies used lateral cephalogram to determine craniofacial morphology and relationships between the cranial base, vertical skeletal pattern, maxilla and mandible. (4) Conclusions: although the literature still shows contradictory opinions, a relationship between temporomandibular disorders and cervical posture has been shown in the presented case as well as in the literature review.

Keywords: MRI; cervical pain; disk displacement; joint effusion; temporomandibular disorder.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram of the selection process. ** Records excluded by humans.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Lateral cephalogram.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Rocabado analysis: (a) Measurement of the distances between C0–C1, C1–C2, C2–C3, hyoid triangle, craniovertebral angle, occipital-atlas angle; (b) Schematic representation of the analysis.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Sagittal (a) closed and (b) open mouth proton density MRI of the right joint: anterior disk displacement with reduction (DDR).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Sagittal (a) closed and (b) open mouth proton density MRI of the left joint: anterior disk displacement with reduction (DDR), condylar bone changes (flattened condyle, with posterolateral compression of the left condylar head, lateral resorption of the left condylar head with posterior position of the condyle in the articular fossa) and thickened posterior band disk shape.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Coronal proton density MRI of the temporomandibular joints: (a) left and (b) right lateral (external) disk displacement with modified condyle shape.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Sagittal oblique closed mouth position T2-weighted MRI of the left joint: joint effusion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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