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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 Jun 16;14(12):2510.
doi: 10.3390/nu14122510.

Effect of Dewaxed Coffee on Gastroesophageal Symptoms in Patients with GERD: A Randomized Pilot Study

Barbara Polese  1 , Luana Izzo  2 , Nicola Mancino  1 , Marcella Pesce  1 , Sara Rurgo  1 , Maria Cristina Tricarico  3 , Sonia Lombardi  2 , Barbara De Conno  1 , Giovanni Sarnelli  1   4 , Alberto Ritieni  2   4
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Effect of Dewaxed Coffee on Gastroesophageal Symptoms in Patients with GERD: A Randomized Pilot Study

Barbara Polese et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is multifactorial pathogenesis characterized by the abnormal reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Symptoms are worse after the ingestion of certain foods, such as coffee. Hence, a randomized pilot study conducted on 40 Italian subjects was assessed to verify the effect of standard (SC) and dewaxed coffee (DC) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The assessment of patient diaries highlighted a significant percentage reduction of symptoms frequency when consuming DC and a significant increase in both heartburn-free and regurgitation-free days. Consequentially, patients had a significant increase of antacid-free days during the DC assumption. Moreover, the polyphenolic profile of coffee pods was ascertained through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were the most abundant investigated compounds with a concentration level ranging between 7.316 (DC) and 6.721 mg/g (SC). Apart from CGAs, caffeine was quantified at a concentration level of 5.691 mg/g and 11.091 for DC and SC, respectively. While still preliminary, data obtained from the present pilot study provide promising evidence for the efficacy of DC consumption in patients with GERD. Therefore, this treatment might represent a feasible way to make coffee more digestible and better tolerated.

Keywords: C-5-HT; UHPLC Q-Orbitrap HRMS; chlorogenic acids; dewaxed coffee; gastroesophageal reflux disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Patient diary during the 14 treatment days. Annotation for heartburn, regurgitation symptoms, and need to take antacids correlated to coffee intake.
Figure A2
Figure A2
PAGI-SYM Questionnaire.
Figure A3
Figure A3
PAGI-QoL Questionnaire.
Figure A4
Figure A4
IBS-SSS.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Visual description of study design. IBS-SSS, Irritable Bowel Syndrome—Symptom Severity Scale; PAGI-QoL, Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders-Quality of Life; PAGI-SYM, PAGI-Symptoms Severity Index.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evaluation of heartburn-free days (a), regurgitation-free days (b) and antacid-free days (c) during both treatment periods (n = 40). DC, Dewaxed Coffee; SC, Standard Coffee. ** p < 0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PAGI-SYM subscales score at basal condition and after both treatment periods. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 40). B, Basal Conditions; DC, Dewaxed Coffee; SC, Standard Coffee. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PAGI-QoL subscales score at basal condition and after both treatment periods. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 40). B, Basal Conditions; DC, Dewaxed Coffee; SC, Standard Coffee. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.
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