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Review
. 2022 Jun 18;11(6):704.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens11060704.

Epidemiological Trends of Trans-Boundary Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Europe, 2000-2019

Mulugeta A Wondim  1 , Piotr Czupryna  1 , Sławomir Pancewicz  1 , Ewelina Kruszewska  1 , Monika Groth  1 , Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska  1
Affiliations
Review

Epidemiological Trends of Trans-Boundary Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Europe, 2000-2019

Mulugeta A Wondim et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis is a neuroinfection widely distributed in the Euro-Asia region. Primarily, the virus is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks. From 2000-2019, the total number of confirmed cases in Europe reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was 51,519. The number of cases decreased in 2014 and 2015; however, since 2015, a growing number of cases have been observed, with the involvement of countries in which TBE has not been previously reported. The determinant factors for the spread of TBE are host population size, weather conditions, movement of hosts, and local regulations on the socioeconomic dynamics of the local and travelling people around the foci areas. The mean incidence rate of tick-borne encephalitis from 2000-2019 in Europe was 3.27, while the age-adjusted mean incidence rate was 2.19 per 100,000 population size. This review used several articles and data sources from the European Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control.

Keywords: climate change; tick-borne encephalitis; tick-borne encephalitis virus; ticks; trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Change in the annual incidence rate of TBE in most affected countries (2000–2019).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of TBE cases by month of onset reported in nine EU/EFTA countries (2000–2010; n = 7083). Source: data from the ECDC (https://register.ecdc.europa.eu/) (accessed on 19 January 2021).
Figure 3
Figure 3
TBE Key risk groups: number of TBE cases by age group and gender reported in 16 EU/EFTA countries (2000–2010, n = 22,378). Source: data from the ECDC (https://register.ecdc.europa.eu/) (accessed on 19 January 2021).
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