Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Jun 17;14(6):1323.
doi: 10.3390/v14061323.

Influenza B: Prospects for the Development of Cross-Protective Vaccines

Liudmila M Tsybalova  1 , Liudmila A Stepanova  1 , Edward S Ramsay  1 , Andrey V Vasin  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Influenza B: Prospects for the Development of Cross-Protective Vaccines

Liudmila M Tsybalova et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

In this review, we analyze the epidemiological and ecological features of influenza B, one of the most common and severe respiratory infections. The review presents various strategies for cross-protective influenza B vaccine development, including recombinant viruses, virus-like particles, and recombinant proteins. We provide an overview of viral proteins as cross-protective vaccine targets, along with other updated broadly protective vaccine strategies. The importance of developing such vaccines lies not only in influenza B prevention, but also in the very attractive prospect of eradicating the influenza B virus in the human population.

Keywords: cross-protection vaccines; influenza B; monoclonal antibodies; phylogenetic lineages; viral proteins; virus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Natural hosts of influenza A and B viruses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Organization of the influenza A (the left side) and B (the right side) viruses’ genomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Caini S., Kusznierz G., Garate V.V., Wangchuk S., Thapa B., de Paula Júnior F.J., Ferreira de Almeida W.A., Njouom R., Fasce R.A., Bustos P., et al. The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0222381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222381. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pan Y., Zhang Y., Yang P., Qian H., Shi W., Wu S., Cui S., Zhang D., Wang Q. Epidemiological and Phylogenetic Characteristics of Influenza B Infection in Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Beijing, 2014 to 2015. Medicine. 2015;94:e2399. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000002399. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Glezen P.W., Schmier J.K., Kuehn C.M., Ryan K.J., Oxford J. The burden of influenza B: A structured literature review. Am. J. Public Health. 2013;103:e43–e51. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301137. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Heikkinen T., Ikonen N., Ziegler T. Impact of influenza B lineage-level mismatch between trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines and circulating viruses, 1999–2012. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2014;59:1519–1524. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu664. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Tan Y., Guan W., Lam T.T.Y., Pan S., Wu S., Zhan Y., Viboud C., Holmes E.C., Yang Z. Differing epidemiological dynamics of influenza B virus lineages in Guangzhou, southern China, 2009–2010. J. Virol. 2013;87:12447–12456. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01039-13. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances