Perceptions towards mask use in school children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: descriptive results from the longitudinal Ciao Corona cohort study

Abstract

Background: Mask wearing contributes to the reduction of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Switzerland, compulsory use of masks was introduced in indoor public spaces and later in schools. This study explored perceptions of the usefulness of masks in school and public in a cohort of children and adolescents in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in January to May 2021.

Methods: School children aged 10 to 17 years enrolled in Ciao Corona, a prospective school-based cohort study, responded to nested online surveys between 12 January and 24 March 2021 (Q1) and 10 March and 16 May 2021 (Q2). Secondary school children were surveyed at Q1 and Q2, and primary school children at Q2 only. Surveys for parents and their children included questions on the children's perception of the usefulness of masks and mask wearing behaviour by applying a non-validated questionnaire. Associations between perceived usefulness of masks and child's school level and gender, and parents' educational attainment were analysed with Pearson's and McNemar's chi-square tests. Free-text comments provided by children were classified into categories of expressed attitude towards mask wearing.

Results: A total of 595 (54% girls) and 1118 (52% girls) school children with predominantly Swiss nationality and a high socioeconomic status responded to online questionnaires at Q1 and Q2, respectively. More than half of the school children perceived masks to be useful at school (Q1: 60% and Q2: 57%) and in public (Q1: 69% and Q2 :60%). Girls perceived masks as useful more often than boys (at Q2 at school: 61% versus 53%, in public: 64% versus 57%), and children of parents with high educational attainment more often than those of parents with lower educational attainment (at Q2 at school: 61% versus 49%, in public: 63% versus 54%). At Q1 and Q2 each, about 20% of children provided individual statements about masks, of which 36% at Q1 and 16% at Q2 reported side effects and discomfort such as skin irritations, headache or difficulties breathing during physical education.

Conclusions: Approximately 60% of school children perceived masks at school and in public places as useful. A small but non-negligible proportion of children reported discomfort and side effects that should be considered to ensure high adherence to mask wearing among school children. A validation of the questionnaire is needed.