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Review
. 2022 Jul;15(7):788-799.
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.012. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

MicroRNAs in the development of potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19: A narrative review

Jivan Qasim Ahmed  1 , Sazan Qadir Maulud  2 , Manish Dhawan  3 , Priyanka  4 , Om Prakash Choudhary  5 , Paywast Jamal Jalal  6 , Rezhna Kheder Ali  2 , Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib  1 , Dlshad Abdullah Hasan  7
Affiliations
Review

MicroRNAs in the development of potential therapeutic targets against COVID-19: A narrative review

Jivan Qasim Ahmed et al. J Infect Public Health. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

Background: As the therapeutic regimens against the COVID-19 remain scarce, the microRNAs (miRNAs) can be exploited to generate efficient therapeutic targets. The miRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the several regulatory functions influencing the prognosis of viral infection. The miRNAs have a prospective role in the up and down regulation of the ACE2 receptors. This review examines the clinical applications, as well as the possible threats associated with the use of miRNAs to combat the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methodology: This article was compiled to evaluate how the miRNAs are involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and infection, and their potential functions which could help in the development of therapeutic targets against the COVID-19. The sources of the collected information include the several journals, databases and scientific search engines such as the Google scholar, Pubmed, Science direct, official website of WHO, among the other sites. The investigations on the online platform were conducted using the keywords miRNA biogenesis, miRNA and ACE2 interaction, therapeutic role of miRNAs against SARS-CoV-2 and miRNA therapy side effects.

Results: This review has highlighted that the miRNAs can be exploited to generate potential therapeutic targets against the COVID-19. Changes in the miRNA levels following viral replication are an essential component of the host response to infection. The collection and modification of miRNA modulates may help to minimize the deleterious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as by controlling or inhibiting the generation of cytokines and chemokines. The degradation of viral RNA by the cellular miRNAs, along with the reduced expression of ACE2 receptors, can substantially reduce the viral load. Specific miRNAs have been found to have an antiviral influence, allowing the immune system to combat the infection or forcing the virus into a latency stage.

Conclusion: This review summarizes several studies revealing the involvement of miRNAs in diverse and complex processes during the infection process of SARS-CoV-2. The miRNAs can substantially reduce the viral load by degradation of viral RNA and reduced expression of ACE2 receptors, besides mitigating the deleterious consequences of the exaggerated secretion of cytokines. Extensive investigations need to be done by the scientific community to utilize the miRNA based strategies for the development of effective therapeutic targets against the COVID-19.

Keywords: ACE2 receptor; COVID-19; MiRNA; SARS-CoV-2; Therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structural organization of SARS-CoV-2 genome and viral induced miRNA.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
miRNA biogenesis and post-transcriptional regulation of genes.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Diagrammatic representation of the role of both cellular and viral miRNAs.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The host and viral miRNA's biosynthesis and the role of miRNA in the host due to COVID-19 infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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